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Preeti: Path II (2015) > Female Reproduction (Final Exam) > Flashcards

Female Reproduction (Final Exam) Flashcards

1
Q

DAX1 gene promotes

______ differentiation and development

A

ovarian

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2
Q

SRY Gene promotes _____ differentiation

A

testicular

SorRy you’re a BOY

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3
Q

The precursor of female internal genetalia

A

Mullerian Duct

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4
Q

The precursor of male internal genitalia

A

Wolffian Duct

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5
Q

Male Tortoiseshell Cats

and Calico Cats

are examples of abnormalities of ______ sex

A

chromosomal

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6
Q

The Freemartin Calf, a female calf born co-twin

with a male calf

is the most common

example of a ________ in vet med

A

Chimera

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7
Q

A true hermaphrodite is the result

of an abnormality of _____ sex

A

gonadal

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8
Q

An animal in which gonadal sex does not follow chromosomal

sex is said to have this condition.

Which breeds do you see the condition in?

A

Sex Reversal

Cocker Spaniels

Polled Goats

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9
Q

This abnormality of phenotypic sex

occurs when chromosomal and gonal sex agree, but

the internal or external genitalia are ambiguous

A

Pseudohermaphroditism

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10
Q

A Miniature Schauzer with Persistent Mullerian Duct

Syndrome is said to have this condition

A

Pseudohermaphroditism

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11
Q

Paraovarian cysts in a mare are known as

A

Hydatids of Morgagni

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12
Q

Cystic Graafian Follicle is the most common type of

cystic change and occurs as a result of insufficient release of

this hormone

A

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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13
Q

Inflammation of the ovaries is known as

A

Oophoritis

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14
Q

What causes oophoritis in poultry?

A

Salmonella pullorum

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15
Q

All ________, tumors of primordial germ cells of

the embryonic gonad, are considered malignant

A

Dysgerminomas

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16
Q

This is the most common ovarian cell

tumor in cows and mares

A

Granulosa Cell Tumor

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17
Q

Call-Exner Bodies,

rosettes of tumor cells surrounding pink proteinaceous fluid

are diagnostic of this type of neoplasia

A

Granulosa Cell Tumors

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18
Q

Uterine Tubes are also known as

A

Oviducts

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19
Q

Accumulation of pus in the uterine tubes

A

Pyosalpinx

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20
Q

Cystic Gartner’s Ducts and Cystic Bartholin Glands

are seen in cows secondary to these 2 conditions

A

Hyperestrogenism

Local infection

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21
Q

Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis (IPV) in cattle

is a venereal disease that causes epithelial necrosis

and is caused by this virus

A

BHV-1

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22
Q

Dourine is an incurable venereal disease involving

paralysis in horses

caused by this protozoal organism

A

Trypanosoma equiperdum

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23
Q

Leiomyomas, neoplasms seen in the

uterus, cervix, and vagina,

are estrogen-dependent in dogs.

They are also known as

A

Fibroids

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24
Q

A mare dies from exsanguination during parturition.

What happened?

A

Ruptured Uterine Artery

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25
Q

Cystic ovarian follicles, Granulosa Cell Tumors,

and Zearalenone, are all sources of _______

A

estrogen

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26
Q

Prolonged hyperestrogenism can lead to

endometrial hyperplasia, which can lead to _______,

especially in dogs, if endometrial secretions accumulate

A

Pyometra

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27
Q

Presence of endometrial glands and stroma

between the muscle bundles of the myometrium

A

Adenomyosis

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28
Q

Ectopic endometrial glands that are actively growing

outside the uterus

A

Endometriosis

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29
Q

Red transverse stripes seen in the uterine horns of

dogs with prolonged blood vaginal discharge post-partum

A

Subinvolution of Placental Sites

30
Q

This venereal disease of mares causes

temporary infertility and inflammation of the endometrium.

It must be reported immediately, but it is treatable.

What is the gram (-) bacteria that causes it?

A

Taylorella equigenitalis

31
Q

The normal non-pregnant uterus is highly resistant to infection.

Resistance is greatly reduced during pregnancy due to

_______

A

progesterone

32
Q

This type of uterine neoplasm is very common

in Rabbits

A

Uterine adenocarcinoma

33
Q

You are likely to see metastasis to this organ

in a rabbit with Uterine Adenocarcinoma

A

Lungs

34
Q

What is the most commonly encountered metastatic

neoplasm in cows, who are usually BLV +

A

Uterine Lymphosarcoma

35
Q

What are 3 humoral factors found in milk

that contribute to natural defense of the mammary gland?

A

Lactoferrin

Opsonins

Immunoglobulins

36
Q

______ is the most costly disease

in dairy herds

A

Mastitis

37
Q

What are the 3 pathogens responsible

for contagious mastitis in cows

A
  • Streptococcus agalactiae*
  • Staphylococcus aureus*
  • Mycoplasma* spp.
38
Q

Healing by fibrosis is a characteristic trait

seen in contagious mastitis infection by

this pathogen

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

39
Q

Abscesses, necrosis, and gangrene are potential

consequences of mastitis infection by

Staph aureus. The toxin it produces that is responsible

for these effects is

A

a-toxin

40
Q

Contagious mastitis due to __________

is characterized by

galactogenic and hematogenous routes

and infects Cows AND Sheep

A

Mycoplasma bovis

41
Q

Name the 4 causative agents of

Granulomatous mastitis.

Which is the only one transmitted via hematogenous route

and not iatrogenic like the others?

A
  • Mycobacterium bovis*
  • Nocardia asteroides*
  • Cryptococcus neoformans*
  • Candida* spp.
  • M. bovis* is hematogenous
42
Q

T/F:

Mycoplasma bovis causes

granulomatous mastitis

A

FALSE

  • MycoBACTERIUM bovis* causes granulomatous mastitis.
  • Mycoplasma bovis* causes contagious mastitis
43
Q

Neomycin infusions in dry cows is associated

with ____ mastitis

A

Nocardial

44
Q

Most mammary neoplasms in cats are MALIGNANT,

and most mammary tumors are

of this type

A

Adenocarcinomas

45
Q

Hydramnios (Hydrops of the Amnion), is the excessive accumulation of fluid in the amniotic sac

and is associated with this fetal condition

A

Malformation of the fetus, usually facial abnormalities

46
Q

Present in all equine placentae, these are proteinaceous

soft calculi, aggregated mineral and organic allantoic

concrements

A

Hippomanes

47
Q

What type of fetal lesion is seen

in Mycotic abortions?

A

Dermatitis

48
Q

If investigation of the placenta after abortion of a calf

shows amnionitis,

the most likely pathogen responsible is

A

Ureaplasma

49
Q

A horse has aborted. Upon investigation of the fetus,

a fibrin cast is found in its trachea.

What has caused this abortion?

A

Equine Herpesvirus-1

50
Q

A cow has aborted. Investigation of the fetus

shows pinpoint yellow foci in multiple organs.

What has caused this failure in pregnancy?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

51
Q

Placental lesions resembling strawberries

are characteristic of this cause of pregnancy failure in sheep

A

Toxoplasma gondii

52
Q

A thick, leathery, mineralized placenta

seen in goats who have aborted, is caused by this pathogen

A

Coxiella burnietti

53
Q

A cow has aborted at week 4 of gestation.

Investigation of the placenta shows

intercotyledonary placentitis and cotyledonary necrosis.

You’re worried about your cow becoming infertile, because

you know that the infectious agent is

A

Campylobacter fetus ssp. venerealis

54
Q

One of your cows has aborted and is now exhibiting pyometra.

Investigation of the fetal stomach contents shows

protozoal organisms. What is the infectious agent?

A

Tritrichomonas fetus

55
Q

A few of your cows have aborted between 7 and 9 months of

gestation. Investigation of the placenta reveals necrotizing inflammation. Investigation of the fetuses show signs of
pneumonia. Now you’re really freaking out cause you know

this is a zoonotic infection.

What is your dx?

A

Brucella abortus

56
Q

You own a farm and raise both cattle and sheep.

You have noticed a few of the cows and sheep are having

late term abortions. Investigation of the fetuses show

pinpoint yellow foci in many organs.

What is causing these last trimester abortions?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

57
Q

Dermatitis is seen in calf fetuses that have been aborted.

What 5 specific agents are on your ddx list?

A
  • Aspergillus fumigatus*
  • Absidia*
  • Mortierella*
  • Rhizomucor*
  • Rhizopus*
58
Q

A few of your cows have aborted at months 5 - 6 of gestation.

Investigation of the fetuses shows some that are fresh,

some are autolyzed, and some are in the early stages of

mummification. What is causing these abortions?

A

Neospora caninum

59
Q

If you suspect that Neospora caninum is the causative agent

in abortions, what organ should you collect and what do

you expect to see on histology?

A

Brain

Multifocal brain lesions are pathognomonic for

  • Neospora caninum* (protozoa) and
  • Toxoplasma gondii*
60
Q

What are the 2 most common causes of

viral abortion in cattle?

A

BVD

Akabene Virus

61
Q

A few sheep have aborted. Investigation of the placentas

show intercotyledonary placentitis.

Necropsy reveals multifocal necrotizing hepatitis.

What is causing these abortions in your sheep?

A

Campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus

62
Q

T/F:

Campylobacter fetus ssp. fe**tus

is an important cause of infertility in cows that abort.

A

FALSE!

Campylobacter fetus ssp. VENEREALIS is an important agent

in cows.

C. fetus ssp. fetus causes abortions and necrotizing hepatitis in SHEEP

63
Q

An interesting agent of abortion in sheep

is characterized by time of infection in utero.

If an ewe is infected early in gestation, she will abort during that same gestation.

If an ewe is infected late in gestation, she will abort during her NEXT pregnancy.

What is this agent?

A

Chlamydophila abortus

64
Q

Why would you want to keep cats away from pregnant ewes?

A

Cats can spread Toxoplasma gondii to the sheep

causing them to abort.

To confirm, placental investigation will reveal strawberry lesions.

65
Q

Nutritional deficiency of ______ can cause abortions

in goats

A

IODINE!

66
Q

You’re a goat farmer with a pregnant wife. You’ve noticed

several of your goats have been aborting late in gestation,

or they are birthing weak kids. Investigation of the placenta

reveals acute, diffuse, suppurative placentitis, meaning it

looks thick and leathery, mineralized and exudative.

Your wife wants to come to the farm to bring you lunch. What do you tell her?

A

TELL HER FUCK NO.

This is Coxiella burnietti, a ZOONOTIC pathogen

that can cause abortions in humans (Q-Fever)

67
Q

The setae of the Eastern Tent Caterpillar were implicated

in this late- term abortion syndrome in mares, which reached

epidemic proportions in Kentucky between 2001 and 2002

A

Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome (MRLS)

68
Q

Some of your pigs have been aborting around months 2 - 3

of gestation. Others are birthing stillborn piglets, and some

piglets have been born alive, but are very weak.

What is the agent of abortion in these pigs?

A

Brucella suis

69
Q

Porcine parvovirus is responsible for causing this

reproductive syndrome in pigs, which

RARELY results in abortion,

but does cause a plethora of fetal/neonatal issues

A

SMEDI

Stillbirth, Mummification, Embryonic Death, and Infertility Complex

70
Q

You’re a dog breeder and have noticed your

bitches aborting mostly right before 2 months,

but a few of them have been aborting right at 1 month

of gestation. The bitches that have aborted seem to have

vaginal discharge for a long time after aborting, which has lead

to the development of pyometra in a few of them.

What is causing this?

A

Brucella canis

Preeti: Path II (2015) (5 decks)

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