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Preeti: Path II (2015) > Alimentary System (Final Exam) > Flashcards

Alimentary System (Final Exam) Flashcards

1
Q

T/F:

Dogs and cats develop alimentary neoplasia

more frequently than farm animals

A

True

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2
Q

_______ should be considered a window

into the health of the alimentary system

A

Feces

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3
Q

What is the most common portal of entry for pathogens

of the alimentary system?

A

Ingestion

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4
Q

What is palatoschisis?

A

Cleft Palate

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5
Q

What is cheiloschisis?

A

Cleft Lip

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6
Q

Maternal exposure to _______

can result in cleft palate or cleft lip

in cats and horses

A

Griseofulvin

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7
Q

Veratrum californicum, Lupines, and Poison Hemlock

are all implicated in the causation of these

congenital anomalies

A

Cyclopia

Palatoschisis

Cheiloschisis

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8
Q

What congenital anomaly does Phtheven have?

A

Brachygnathia

Short lower jaw, overbite

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9
Q

What is it called when a dog has an underbite?

A

Prognathia

protrusion of the lower jaw

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10
Q

Chronic stomatitis of cattle, also known as

“Wooden Tongue”

is caused by

A

Actinobacillus ligniersii

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11
Q

Radiating clubs of amorphous eosinophilic material

is seen in histology of “Wooden Tongue” samples.

What is this type of pattern known as?

A

Splendore-Hoeppli Phenomenon

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12
Q

A young animal has been treated for a long time with

antibiotics. What condition of the tongue are you worried

about and what causes it?

A

Thrush

Candida albicans

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13
Q

A cat presents with vesicles of clear fluid on its

tongue. What is the condition called and what is the cause?

A

Vesicular Glossitis

Calicivirus

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14
Q

Which 4 reportable diseases can present with

vesicles on the tongue?

A

FMD

Vesicular Stomatitis (VS)

Vesicular Exanthema of Swine (VES)

Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD)

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15
Q

What virus causes FMD?

A

Picornavirus

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16
Q

What virus causes Vesicular Stomatitis in Pigs?

A

Rhabdovirus

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17
Q

What virus causes VES in Swine?

A

Calicivirus

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18
Q

What virus causes Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD)?

A

Enterovirus

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19
Q

Which species of animal is immune to Foot and Mouth Disease?

A

HORSES!

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20
Q

What is ptyalism?

A

Drooling of saliva

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21
Q

Which 2 pathogens can cause

Vesicular Stomatitis in a COW?

A

BVD

MCF

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22
Q

Bovine Papular Stomatitis is caused by this virus,

which is closely related to the virus that causes

Milker’s Nodules in Humans

A

Parapoxvirus

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23
Q

Contagious Ecthyma, or ORF, results in loss of condition

in young lambs and goat kids (3 - 6 months)

and presents as lesions in “sites of trauma”, like

the corners of their mouths, mammary gland,

and coronary bands. Which virus causes it?

A

Parapoxvirus

ZOONOTIC!

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24
Q

A calf is exhibiting necrotizing stomatitis.

PAS stain of a sample from its mouth shows

filamentous bacteria.

What pathogen is responsible and what is this

condition better known as?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

CALF DIPHTHERIA

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25
Q

Painless ulcers that form on the lips of cats

and are caused by a hypersensitivity reaction

is a condition known as

A

Eosinophilic Cheilitis

“Rodent Ulcer”

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26
Q

Tumors of the periodontal ligament are known as

A

Epulis

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27
Q

T/F:

Fibromatous epulis, a neoplastic condition of the oral

cavity, are usually malignant

A

FALSE!

Usually BENIGN

(Acanthomatous epulis are usually Malignant!)

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28
Q

Oral melanomas are most common in

this species

A

Dogs

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29
Q

____% of oral melanomas are malignant

A

90%!!

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30
Q

PRAA (Persistent Right Aortic Arch)

can cause this disorder

A

Congenital Megaesophagus

“Vascular Ring”

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31
Q

Most common in dogs, the acquired form of

megaesophagus can be a manifestation of

this condition

A

Myasthenia Gravis

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32
Q

In large animals, impaction of the esophagus is

known as

A

Choke

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33
Q

T/F:

Choke is a serious issue that can lead to

gas-free bloat

and is an emergency

situation in horses

A

FALSE!

It is an emergency in COWS!

34
Q

Inflammation of the esophagus in dogs can

be caused by this parasite

A

Spirocerca lupi

35
Q

Parasitic esophagitis caused by Spirocerca lupi

in dogs can result in

chronic granulomatous esophagitis

which can occasionally progress to neoplastic transformation

(formation of ____ lesions)

A

Sarcomatous lesions

Osteosarcoma, Fibrosarcoma

36
Q

What is the most reliable post-mortem indicator of

ante-mortem bloat?

A

Bloat Line!

37
Q

You’re the owner of a dairy farm and one of your

cows has suddenly stopped producing milk.

Her temperature is slightly increased and she’s arching

her back and moaning.

What is your number one differential?

A

Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis

“Hardware Disease”

38
Q

You’re a farmer and

your cows accidentally got into the horse pasture.

A couple days later, some of your cows are

having diarrhea, some are incoordinated and

one has even collapsed. What happened?

A

Grain overload (Chemical Rumenitis)

Cows ate the Horse’s feed which was high in grain

and the grain caused the pH in their rumens to drop (acidic).

This allowed Streptococcus bovis to proliferate and produce

lactic acid. The cows absorbed that lactate and

got lactic acidosis (chemical rumenitis)

39
Q

Stellate Ulcers

or ruminal scars

are associated which which condition in

cows?

A

Chemical Rumenitis (Grain Overload)

40
Q

A weimereiner presents with

abdominal distension that has gotten worse throughout the day, retching, and hypersalivation.

The owner said that the dog had just been

running out the dog park that morning and

seemed perfectly healthy. You immediately rush the dog into

surgery because it has this condition and is an EMERGENCY

A

Gastric Dilation Volvulus

41
Q

You have a pig, Fatty McFaterson. He

always eats a TON of food and drinks a lot of water,

then he lays down to nap. Today, you fed Fatty

and then let immediately let him out

to run with a bunch of other male pigs.

What alimentary condition should you be worried about

with Fatty?

A

Gastric Dilation Volvulus

42
Q

A high-pitched ping elicited by percussion

of the abomasum is called

A

Abomasal Tympany

43
Q

What test can you do if you suspect

your post-parturient dairy cow

has an abomasal displacement?

A

Abomasal tympany

44
Q

What is the most common cause

of gastric ulceration in pigs?

A

Pigs that are fed

finely ground rations with high wheat component

45
Q

What is the most common cause

of gastric ulceration in Horses?

A

NSAIDs

(which reduce prostaglandin production, PGE2 protects mucosa)

46
Q

This type of tumor can cause gastric ulceration

in dogs

A

Cutaneous mast cell tumors

(mast cells release histamine which binds to parietal cells

in gastric mucosa –> increases HCl secretion)

47
Q

This bacteria causes Braxy or Bradsot in lambs

which is a necro-hemorrhagic condition of

the abomasum

A

Clostridium septicum

48
Q

Uremic gastritis due to renal disease can

manifest as gastric mineralization.

What stain would you use to confirm the mineralization?

A

Von Kossa

49
Q

Parasitics gastritis in horses

is caused by this species of parasite

A

Gastrophilus spp.

50
Q

Proliferative Hyperplastic Abomasitis

(moroccan leather appearance)

is caused by this parasite

A

Ostertagia ostertagii

51
Q

Draschia megastoma causes

Granulomatous gastritis in horses.

Where would you look to find a brood pouch?

A

By the Margo Plicatus

52
Q

A sheep presents with a severely inflamed jaw

(bottle jaw) and has anemia. Which parasite could

be causing this abomasitis?

A

Haemonchus contortus

“Barber Pole Worm”

53
Q

What is the most common segmental anomaly of

the intestine of domestic animals?

Which breed of animal is this condition inherited?

A

Atresia coli

Holstein Calves

54
Q

A newborn piglet presents with prominent

megacolor and recto-vaginal fistula.

You suspect imporforate anus, which is also known as

A

Atresia ani

55
Q

Most prevalent in American Paint Horses

with a white-spotting pattern,

this congenital condition, known as Lethal White Syndrome

results in intestinal immotility and colic.

A

Congenital Colonic Aganglionosis

(Absence of PSNS ganglia in the colon)

56
Q

An animal with a small foreign body

is most likely to develop this type of

acquired obstruction

A

Enterolith

57
Q

Hairballs in cattle are known as

A

Trichobezoars

58
Q

Salmonella and foreign bodies can cause

narrowing of a blood vessel in the GI Tract.

What is this called?

A

Rectal Stricture/Stenosis

59
Q

A horse presents with severe colic and

is unresponsive to palliative treatment to control the pain.

What is your number one differential?

A

Intestinal intussusception

60
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea is caused by this pathogen

A

Pestivirus

61
Q

Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Ruminants is

caused by _________ and

results in fibrino-necrotizing vasculitis with

prominent lymphocytic infiltrates in many organs

A

Gammaherpesvirus

62
Q

This is a fatal viral disease in cats caused by

a coronavirus, enteric signs include

bloating, with diseased abdominal, kidney, and brain tissue

A

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

63
Q

Edema disease in piglets a few weeks after weaning

is caused by E.coli, but more specifically,

this toxin is responsible

A

Verotoxin

64
Q

You’re called out by a shepherd who has discovered

many of his sheep dead in a field. Surprisingly, it is the

most well-nourished sheep of the bunch. Some of the other sheep

are having bloody diarrhea. A sample of an intestinal

necrotic lesions shows gram (+) bacilli lining the villi of the lesions.

What is your diagnosis?

A

Clostridium perfringens

Type D (epsilon toxin)

65
Q

Focal Symmetrical Encephalomalacia

is caused by _______ in Pigs

and _______ in Sheep

A

Pigs: E. coli

Sheep: Clostridium perfringens

66
Q

Clostridium piliforme, the cause of Tyzzer’s disease,

manifests as lesions found mainly in

which organ?

A

LIVER!

67
Q

Inflammation of the cecum and colon is known as

A

Typhlocolitis

68
Q

A condition in horses, is caused by

Dysbacteriosis brought on by dietary changes

or antibiotics. When this leads to proliferation of

certain bacteria, it is called Colitis X.

Which 2 bacteria proliferate to cause Colitis X?

A
  • Clostridium perfringens Type A*
  • Clostridium difficile*
69
Q

Feces with a “septic-tank odor”

are associated with this pathogen

A

Salmonella

70
Q

Common sequela of infection by this pathogen include

Embolic mycotic pneumonia in horses

and

Button ulcers in pigs

A

Salmonella

71
Q

PPE is a necro-hemorrhagic enteropathy

in pigs and is caused by this pathogen

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

72
Q

Large bowel diarrhea and bloody/mucous-y feces

are clinical signs of Swine Dysentery, seen in

pigs 2 - 3 months old.

What is the pathogen that causes Swine Dysentery?

A

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

73
Q

A young foal has died. At necropsy, you notice

pyogranulomatous lesions on the lungs and in the stomach.

Histology shows bacteria within the cytoplasm of macrophages.

What is the causative agent?

A

Rhodococcus equi

74
Q

T/F:

Johne’s Disease (paratuberculosis)

affects mostly young animals

A

FALSE

Older animals are affected!

75
Q

Granulomatous Colitis in a Boxer Dog is most likely caused

by this bacteria, a gram (-) coccobacilli seen with

PAS stain within the macrophages of the lamina propria

A

E. coli

76
Q

A calf presents with a proliferative, hemorrhagic, necrotizing

enteritis. Numerous protozoal organisms are seen

attached to the apical surface of its enterocytes.

What is your dx?

A

Cryptosporidiosis

77
Q

These 2 types of hookworms cause significant anemia

in dogs, and puppies can get them through colostrum

A
  • Ancylostoma caninum*
  • Uncinaria stenocephala*
78
Q

These hookworms are found around and within

the ileocecal valve in horses

A

Anoplocephala perfoliata

79
Q

Whipworms of domestic animals are

found in the cecum and colon and cause

bloody diarrhea, weight loss, and anemia.

What is the name of the species of these worms?

A

Trichuris spp.

80
Q

A pig with a Milk-Spotted Liver

has been parasitized by this

A

Ascaris suum

81
Q

________ are the most common neoplasm in cats,

and the alimentary form is the most common form.

When ruptured, it can lead to a fatal peritonitis.

A

Lymphosarcomas

Preeti: Path II (2015) (5 decks)

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