Alimentary System (Final Exam) Flashcards
T/F:
Dogs and cats develop alimentary neoplasia
more frequently than farm animals
True
_______ should be considered a window
into the health of the alimentary system
Feces
What is the most common portal of entry for pathogens
of the alimentary system?
Ingestion
What is palatoschisis?
Cleft Palate
What is cheiloschisis?
Cleft Lip
Maternal exposure to _______
can result in cleft palate or cleft lip
in cats and horses
Griseofulvin
Veratrum californicum, Lupines, and Poison Hemlock
are all implicated in the causation of these
congenital anomalies
Cyclopia
Palatoschisis
Cheiloschisis
What congenital anomaly does Phtheven have?
Brachygnathia
Short lower jaw, overbite
What is it called when a dog has an underbite?
Prognathia
protrusion of the lower jaw
Chronic stomatitis of cattle, also known as
“Wooden Tongue”
is caused by
Actinobacillus ligniersii
Radiating clubs of amorphous eosinophilic material
is seen in histology of “Wooden Tongue” samples.
What is this type of pattern known as?
Splendore-Hoeppli Phenomenon
A young animal has been treated for a long time with
antibiotics. What condition of the tongue are you worried
about and what causes it?
Thrush
Candida albicans
A cat presents with vesicles of clear fluid on its
tongue. What is the condition called and what is the cause?
Vesicular Glossitis
Calicivirus
Which 4 reportable diseases can present with
vesicles on the tongue?
FMD
Vesicular Stomatitis (VS)
Vesicular Exanthema of Swine (VES)
Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD)
What virus causes FMD?
Picornavirus
What virus causes Vesicular Stomatitis in Pigs?
Rhabdovirus
What virus causes VES in Swine?
Calicivirus
What virus causes Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD)?
Enterovirus
Which species of animal is immune to Foot and Mouth Disease?
HORSES!
What is ptyalism?
Drooling of saliva
Which 2 pathogens can cause
Vesicular Stomatitis in a COW?
BVD
MCF
Bovine Papular Stomatitis is caused by this virus,
which is closely related to the virus that causes
Milker’s Nodules in Humans
Parapoxvirus
Contagious Ecthyma, or ORF, results in loss of condition
in young lambs and goat kids (3 - 6 months)
and presents as lesions in “sites of trauma”, like
the corners of their mouths, mammary gland,
and coronary bands. Which virus causes it?
Parapoxvirus
ZOONOTIC!
A calf is exhibiting necrotizing stomatitis.
PAS stain of a sample from its mouth shows
filamentous bacteria.
What pathogen is responsible and what is this
condition better known as?
Fusobacterium necrophorum
CALF DIPHTHERIA
Painless ulcers that form on the lips of cats
and are caused by a hypersensitivity reaction
is a condition known as
Eosinophilic Cheilitis
“Rodent Ulcer”
Tumors of the periodontal ligament are known as
Epulis
T/F:
Fibromatous epulis, a neoplastic condition of the oral
cavity, are usually malignant
FALSE!
Usually BENIGN
(Acanthomatous epulis are usually Malignant!)
Oral melanomas are most common in
this species
Dogs
____% of oral melanomas are malignant
90%!!
PRAA (Persistent Right Aortic Arch)
can cause this disorder
Congenital Megaesophagus
“Vascular Ring”
Most common in dogs, the acquired form of
megaesophagus can be a manifestation of
this condition
Myasthenia Gravis
In large animals, impaction of the esophagus is
known as
Choke
T/F:
Choke is a serious issue that can lead to
gas-free bloat
and is an emergency
situation in horses
FALSE!
It is an emergency in COWS!
Inflammation of the esophagus in dogs can
be caused by this parasite
Spirocerca lupi
Parasitic esophagitis caused by Spirocerca lupi
in dogs can result in
chronic granulomatous esophagitis
which can occasionally progress to neoplastic transformation
(formation of ____ lesions)
Sarcomatous lesions
Osteosarcoma, Fibrosarcoma
What is the most reliable post-mortem indicator of
ante-mortem bloat?
Bloat Line!
You’re the owner of a dairy farm and one of your
cows has suddenly stopped producing milk.
Her temperature is slightly increased and she’s arching
her back and moaning.
What is your number one differential?
Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis
“Hardware Disease”
You’re a farmer and
your cows accidentally got into the horse pasture.
A couple days later, some of your cows are
having diarrhea, some are incoordinated and
one has even collapsed. What happened?
Grain overload (Chemical Rumenitis)
Cows ate the Horse’s feed which was high in grain
and the grain caused the pH in their rumens to drop (acidic).
This allowed Streptococcus bovis to proliferate and produce
lactic acid. The cows absorbed that lactate and
got lactic acidosis (chemical rumenitis)
Stellate Ulcers
or ruminal scars
are associated which which condition in
cows?
Chemical Rumenitis (Grain Overload)
A weimereiner presents with
abdominal distension that has gotten worse throughout the day, retching, and hypersalivation.
The owner said that the dog had just been
running out the dog park that morning and
seemed perfectly healthy. You immediately rush the dog into
surgery because it has this condition and is an EMERGENCY
Gastric Dilation Volvulus
You have a pig, Fatty McFaterson. He
always eats a TON of food and drinks a lot of water,
then he lays down to nap. Today, you fed Fatty
and then let immediately let him out
to run with a bunch of other male pigs.
What alimentary condition should you be worried about
with Fatty?
Gastric Dilation Volvulus
A high-pitched ping elicited by percussion
of the abomasum is called
Abomasal Tympany
What test can you do if you suspect
your post-parturient dairy cow
has an abomasal displacement?
Abomasal tympany
What is the most common cause
of gastric ulceration in pigs?
Pigs that are fed
finely ground rations with high wheat component
What is the most common cause
of gastric ulceration in Horses?
NSAIDs
(which reduce prostaglandin production, PGE2 protects mucosa)
This type of tumor can cause gastric ulceration
in dogs
Cutaneous mast cell tumors
(mast cells release histamine which binds to parietal cells
in gastric mucosa –> increases HCl secretion)
This bacteria causes Braxy or Bradsot in lambs
which is a necro-hemorrhagic condition of
the abomasum
Clostridium septicum
Uremic gastritis due to renal disease can
manifest as gastric mineralization.
What stain would you use to confirm the mineralization?
Von Kossa
Parasitics gastritis in horses
is caused by this species of parasite
Gastrophilus spp.
Proliferative Hyperplastic Abomasitis
(moroccan leather appearance)
is caused by this parasite
Ostertagia ostertagii
Draschia megastoma causes
Granulomatous gastritis in horses.
Where would you look to find a brood pouch?
By the Margo Plicatus
A sheep presents with a severely inflamed jaw
(bottle jaw) and has anemia. Which parasite could
be causing this abomasitis?
Haemonchus contortus
“Barber Pole Worm”
What is the most common segmental anomaly of
the intestine of domestic animals?
Which breed of animal is this condition inherited?
Atresia coli
Holstein Calves
A newborn piglet presents with prominent
megacolor and recto-vaginal fistula.
You suspect imporforate anus, which is also known as
Atresia ani
Most prevalent in American Paint Horses
with a white-spotting pattern,
this congenital condition, known as Lethal White Syndrome
results in intestinal immotility and colic.
Congenital Colonic Aganglionosis
(Absence of PSNS ganglia in the colon)
An animal with a small foreign body
is most likely to develop this type of
acquired obstruction
Enterolith
Hairballs in cattle are known as
Trichobezoars
Salmonella and foreign bodies can cause
narrowing of a blood vessel in the GI Tract.
What is this called?
Rectal Stricture/Stenosis
A horse presents with severe colic and
is unresponsive to palliative treatment to control the pain.
What is your number one differential?
Intestinal intussusception
Bovine Viral Diarrhea is caused by this pathogen
Pestivirus
Malignant Catarrhal Fever in Ruminants is
caused by _________ and
results in fibrino-necrotizing vasculitis with
prominent lymphocytic infiltrates in many organs
Gammaherpesvirus
This is a fatal viral disease in cats caused by
a coronavirus, enteric signs include
bloating, with diseased abdominal, kidney, and brain tissue
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
Edema disease in piglets a few weeks after weaning
is caused by E.coli, but more specifically,
this toxin is responsible
Verotoxin
You’re called out by a shepherd who has discovered
many of his sheep dead in a field. Surprisingly, it is the
most well-nourished sheep of the bunch. Some of the other sheep
are having bloody diarrhea. A sample of an intestinal
necrotic lesions shows gram (+) bacilli lining the villi of the lesions.
What is your diagnosis?
Clostridium perfringens
Type D (epsilon toxin)
Focal Symmetrical Encephalomalacia
is caused by _______ in Pigs
and _______ in Sheep
Pigs: E. coli
Sheep: Clostridium perfringens
Clostridium piliforme, the cause of Tyzzer’s disease,
manifests as lesions found mainly in
which organ?
LIVER!
Inflammation of the cecum and colon is known as
Typhlocolitis
A condition in horses, is caused by
Dysbacteriosis brought on by dietary changes
or antibiotics. When this leads to proliferation of
certain bacteria, it is called Colitis X.
Which 2 bacteria proliferate to cause Colitis X?
- Clostridium perfringens Type A*
- Clostridium difficile*
Feces with a “septic-tank odor”
are associated with this pathogen
Salmonella
Common sequela of infection by this pathogen include
Embolic mycotic pneumonia in horses
and
Button ulcers in pigs
Salmonella
PPE is a necro-hemorrhagic enteropathy
in pigs and is caused by this pathogen
Lawsonia intracellularis
Large bowel diarrhea and bloody/mucous-y feces
are clinical signs of Swine Dysentery, seen in
pigs 2 - 3 months old.
What is the pathogen that causes Swine Dysentery?
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
A young foal has died. At necropsy, you notice
pyogranulomatous lesions on the lungs and in the stomach.
Histology shows bacteria within the cytoplasm of macrophages.
What is the causative agent?
Rhodococcus equi
T/F:
Johne’s Disease (paratuberculosis)
affects mostly young animals
FALSE
Older animals are affected!
Granulomatous Colitis in a Boxer Dog is most likely caused
by this bacteria, a gram (-) coccobacilli seen with
PAS stain within the macrophages of the lamina propria
E. coli
A calf presents with a proliferative, hemorrhagic, necrotizing
enteritis. Numerous protozoal organisms are seen
attached to the apical surface of its enterocytes.
What is your dx?
Cryptosporidiosis
These 2 types of hookworms cause significant anemia
in dogs, and puppies can get them through colostrum
- Ancylostoma caninum*
- Uncinaria stenocephala*
These hookworms are found around and within
the ileocecal valve in horses
Anoplocephala perfoliata
Whipworms of domestic animals are
found in the cecum and colon and cause
bloody diarrhea, weight loss, and anemia.
What is the name of the species of these worms?
Trichuris spp.
A pig with a Milk-Spotted Liver
has been parasitized by this
Ascaris suum
________ are the most common neoplasm in cats,
and the alimentary form is the most common form.
When ruptured, it can lead to a fatal peritonitis.
Lymphosarcomas
