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Endo/Repro > Female Repro Path > Flashcards

Female Repro Path Flashcards

1
Q

ulcerative lesions of the vulva

A

HSV, molluscum contagiosum (paxvirus), carcinoma

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2
Q

ulcer is biopsied and shows viral inclusions in multinucleate squamous cells that have ground glass cytoplasm what is the etiologic agent

A

HSV

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3
Q

infection common in young children 2-12 or adults, presents as pearly dome shaped papules with dimpled center

A

molluscum contagiosum

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4
Q

curdlike vaginal discharge

A

candida

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5
Q

yellow frothy discharge

A

trichomonas vaginalis

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6
Q

fiery red cervix

A

trichomonas vaginalis

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7
Q

thin green gray discharge and gram neg bacillus

A

gardnerella vaginalis

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8
Q

comon cause of PID

A

chlamydia, niserria gonorrhea

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9
Q

how does neisseria spread upwards in PID

A

mucosal surfaces to involve fallopian tubes and ovaries

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10
Q

how do non neisseria infections spread upwards in PID

A

lymph channels or veins

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11
Q

lichen sclerosus occurs more in women with other autoimmune conditions and increases risk of what

A

squamous cell carcinoma of vulva

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12
Q

name for genital wart caused by HPV infection, and which strains cause it

A

condyloma acuminatum (HPV 6 and 11)

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13
Q

genital wart caused by syphilitic infection

A

condyloma latum

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14
Q

this is a characteristic of HPV infection and results in nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia, perinuclear halo

A

koilocytic atypia (no cancer risk)

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15
Q

age of woman with vulvar carcinoma

A

60

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16
Q

where and how does vulvar carcinoma spread

A

via lymph to lungs liver

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17
Q

pt presents with red itchy crusty area on labia major what is it, biopsied and discovered to express cytokeratin 7

A

extramammory pagets disease

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18
Q

describe growth of extramammory pagets disease

A

lateral spread through epidermis

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19
Q

we get septate or double vagina / double uterus when the ___ fails to fuse

A

mullerian duct

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20
Q

exposure to diethylstilbestrol DES in utero increases chance of developing what

A

clear cell carcinoma

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21
Q

persistence of glandular epithelium in the vagina

A

vaginal adenosis

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22
Q

fluid filled cysts in vagina, remnant of wolffian duct

A

gartner duct cyst

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23
Q

most common vaginal location for invasive quamous cell carcinoma

A

upper vag, posterior wall

24
Q

child under 5 with grape like clusters protruding from nuclei

A

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma / sarcoma botryoides

25
Q

HPV’s favorite spot to infect

A

transformation zone, squamocolumnar junction

26
Q

3rd most common cancer in women

A

cervical carcinoma

27
Q

low risk HPVs ___ cause ___

A

6, 11, warts

28
Q

high risk HPVs ___ cause ___

A

16, 18, carcinoma

29
Q

HPV protein E6 does what

A

promotes degradation of p53

30
Q

HPV protein E7 does what

A

promotes degradation of RB

31
Q

whats the mechanism for low risk HPVs to dysregulate growth and survival of cells

A

disrupt Notch signalling, bind RB with low affinity

32
Q

average age for woman with cervical squamous cell carcinoma

A

45

33
Q

what do we use to treat endometriosis

A

aromatase inh (stops estrogen production)

34
Q

endometriosis increases risk of what cancers

A

endometrioid, clear cell

35
Q

what is a chocolate cyst

A

an endometrioma: endometriosis in ovary, large cystic mass

36
Q

endometrial polyps are responsive to estrogen and associated with what medication

A

tamoxifen

37
Q

what are risk factors for endometriosis (things causing high estrogen)

A

obesity, menopause, PCOS, granulosa cell tumor, anovulation, exogenous estrogen

38
Q

what is cowden syndrome

A

germline PTEN mutation, predisposes to endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma

39
Q

now that cervical cancer is detected early, whats the most common invasive cancer of female genital tract

A

endometrial carcinoma

40
Q

african american women more commonly get what kind of endometrial carcinoma

A

type II, p53 mutant, serous subtype

41
Q

most stromal tumors are benign in the enodmetrium, what translocation is present in many of the malignant sarcomas

A

JAZf1 - SUZ12

42
Q

mutation unique to uterine SM tumors

A

MED12

43
Q

which ovarian tumors/findings are found bilaterally

A

PCOS, metastatic cancer, serous carcinoma of the ovary, endometrioid ovarian tumors

44
Q

this is the most common malignancy of ovaries in childbearing age women (increased risk for nulliparity, family hx, BRCA mutations)

A

serous cystic carcinoma

45
Q

serous carcinomas in the ovary tend to metastasize where and cause what

A

peritoneal surfaces, omentum, ascites

46
Q

most mutinous carcinomas of the ovary are unilateral and share what mutation

A

KRAS

47
Q

if we have pt with pseudomyxoma peritonea (mutinous ascites) and suspect bilateral mutinous carcinoma in ovaries what needs to be ruled out

A

nonovarian origin: usually appendicieal source

48
Q

serum marker used to detect recurrence/progression in those with ovarian tumors

A

CA125

49
Q

specialized teratomas can be functional and secrete what kind of hormones

A

5HT (carcinoid syndrome) or thyroid hormone (hyperthyroid)

50
Q

small gland like structures with acidohillic material “call exner bodies” are found in what condition

A

granulosa cell tumor

51
Q

what is the marker for a granulosa cell tumor

A

inhibin

52
Q

what is meigs syndrome

A

ascites, hydrothorax, and ovarian tumor

53
Q

bilateral metastasis of a mucin producing sgnet ring cell cancer in both ovaries

A

krukenberg tumor (GI metastesis)

54
Q

HELLP syndrome (occurs in 10% of moms with preeclempsia)

A

hypercoagulable, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets

55
Q

clue cells would indicate what kind of infection

A

garderella

56
Q

most common cause of cervicitis

A

chlamydia

57
Q

brca1 mutations most commonly lead to which form of breast cancer

A

medullary

Endo/Repro (3 decks)

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