Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endo/Repro > Endo path > Flashcards

Endo path Flashcards

1
Q

which transcription factor is expressed in pluripotent cells of rathke’s pouch that eventually become lactotroph

A

PIT-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which transcription factor is expressed in pluripotent cells of rathke’s pouch that eventually become gonadotroph

A

SF1 and GATA2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which transcription factor is expressed in pluripotent cells of rathke’s pouch that eventually become somatotroph

A

PIT1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

stimulus for oxytocin secretion

A

cervix dilation, nipple stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

oxytocin effects on end organ

A

uterine SM contract, parturition, lactation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

stimulus for ADH secretion

A

hypovolemia, dehydration, increased plasma osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where are the baroreceptors located that fire to cause ADH secretion

A

cardiac atria, carotids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

whats the earliest clinical manifestation of mass effect with pituitary adenoma

A

sellar expansion, bony erosion (radiograph detected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

clinical manifestation of mass effect with pituitary adenoma due to increased intracranial pressure

A

headache, nausea, vomitting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

visual manifestation of mass effect with pituitary adenoma

A

bitemporal hemianopsia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

most common cause of hyperpituitarism

A

adenoma (anterior pituitary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

most common gene mutations leading to pituitary adenoma

A

gprotein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

somatotroph adenomas have this gene mutation 40% of the time

A

GNAS (Galpha)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

aggressive adenomas likely have acquired what gene mutation

A

RB or cyclin D1 or TB53

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HRAS is a gene mutated in what form of cancer

A

pituitary carcinoma (rare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

young GH adenoma patients (<35 yo) likely have what familial predisposition

A

mutation in AIP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

if a patient has both adrenal glands removed due to Cushing syndrome and then an ACTH secreting adenoma arises what do we call this

A

nelson syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what types of adenomas can be classified as densely or sparsely granulated

A

somatotroph, corticotroph, lactotroph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

macroadenomas are more likely to be invasive into cavernous and sphenoid sinuses, dura, or brain and this is possible thanks to what feature of the tumor

A

not grossly encapsulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

normal pituitary tissue that becomes an adenoma loses what (this causes the tumor to be soft/gelatinous)

A

reticulin (connective tissue between cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

this neurosurgical emergency occurs when a pituitary adenoma acutely hemorrhages into itself and can cause sudden death

A

pituitary apoplexy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

most common hyperfunctioning pituitary adenoma

A

lactotroph adenoma (women 20-40)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

most common histology for a lactotroph adenoma

A

juxtanuclear PIT1 localization, chromophobic cells (sparsely granulated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

lactotroph adenomas have a propensity to undergo ___ which can be isolated psmmoma bodies or can include the whole tumor

A

dystrophic calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

serum prolactin levels are elevated to what degree when there is a lactotroph adenoma

A

correlate with size of tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

prolactinemia (elevated PRL in blood) leads to what sx

A

amenorrhea, galactorrhea, low libido, infertility

27
Q

aside from lactotroph adenoma what can cause prolactinemia

A

pregnancy, loss of DA inh (damage to hypothalamus, pituitary stalk, mass effect of other adenoma, drugs), renal failure, hypothyroid

28
Q

tx for lactotroph adenoma

A

bromocriptine (DA-R agonist), surgery

29
Q

second most common hyperfunctioning pituitary adenoma

A

somatotroph GH adenoma

30
Q

a bihormonal adenoma that stains positive for both GH and prolactin

A

mammosomatotroph

31
Q

histology of densely granulated somatotroph adenoma

A

strong GH cytoplasm staining, acidophilic cells

32
Q

histology of sparsely granulated somatotroph adenoma

A

chromophobe cells with focal weak GH positivity on immunohistochemical stain

33
Q

mammosomatotroph histology

A

look like densely granulated somatotroph plus positive staining for prolactin

34
Q

consistent elevation of GH causes release of what from the liver

A

IGF-1

35
Q

somatotroph adenoma that presents in kid before growth plate closure whats the outcome

A

gigantism (long arms and legs)

36
Q

somatotroph adenoma that presents in an adult whats the outcome

A

acromegaly (thyroid, liver, heart, adrenals, skin, bones of face, hands and feet)

37
Q

GH excess can cause what sxs other than acromegaly/gigantism

A

DM, gonadal dysfunction, weak mm, HTN, arthritis, CHF, GI cancer

38
Q

how to detect somatotroph adenoma

A

serum GH and IGF elevated, glucose suppression test (very sensitive!)

39
Q

tx somatotroph adenoma

A

surgery, somatostatin analog, or GH-R antagonist

40
Q

when are corticotroph adenomas usually detected

A

microadenoma stage (bc of cushing syndrome)

41
Q

histo stain for corticotroph adenoma

A

PAS (it stains POMC- ACTH precursor)

42
Q

Which hormone is most commonly secreted from a gonadotroph adenoma

A

FSH

43
Q

What is required to make the rare diagnosis of pituitary carcinoma

A

Mets (craniospinal or systemic)

44
Q

Pituitary carcinomas are usually functional secreting one of these hormones

A

Prolactin, ACTH

45
Q

Sudden onset HA, diploplia, hypopituitarism

A

Pituitary apoplexy

46
Q

Postpartum necrosis of anterior pituitary

A

Sheehan syndrome

47
Q

When arachnoid mater and csf herniate into sella leading to hypopituitarism

A

Primary empty sella syndrome

48
Q

Pt population for primary empty sella

A

Obese female after multiple pregnancies

49
Q

What causes secondary empty sella

A

Enlargement of pituitary leads to infarction or surgical removal

50
Q

Most likely outcome of hypothalamic lesion

A

DI

51
Q

Which cancers metastesize to hypothalamis

A

Reast, lung carcinoma

52
Q

Adh deficiency leads to what

A

DI (polyuria, polydipsia)

53
Q

What happens to serum osmolality and serum sodium in a patient with DI

A

Increase

54
Q

Biggest consequence of SIADH

A

hyponatremia, cerebral edema

55
Q

What causes SIADH

A

Usually ectopic secretion by small cell lung carcinoma

56
Q

Most common supracellar tumor in adults

A

Glioma

57
Q

Most common supracellar tumor in kids

A

Craniopharyngioma

58
Q

Origin of craniopharyngeal tumor

A

Rathke pouch

59
Q

Molecular genetic pattern of craniopharyngiomas

A

WNT signalling abn, beta catenin mutation

60
Q

Craniopharyngiomas often bulge into what adjacent structure

A

Third ventricla

61
Q

Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma more pften occur in kids and have what defining features

A

Calcifications, periferal palisading, compact lamellar “wet” keratin

62
Q

Craniopharyngioma more likely found in adult overn65

A

Papillary

63
Q

Describe cysts of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma

A

Cholesterol rich fluid looks like machine oil

Endo/Repro (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions