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Phys Assess Final > Female/Male Genitalia > Flashcards

Female/Male Genitalia Flashcards

1
Q

Masses and enlargement in male breast: How do you assess and what could this mean?

A

Breast tissue in adolescent males- may enlarge (gynecomastia) which may disappear on its own
May be drug related- certain meds, or recreational drugs (spironolactone can cause this)

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2
Q

Uterus & adnexa & ovaries

A

Palpate the uterus- usually 2 fingers in the vaginal canal and palpate the uterus with the other hand/fingertips

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3
Q

anal wink

A

everyone

checking the anal sphincter tone assessing sacral reflex

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4
Q

Menopause what are normal occurrences and what are abnormal?

A

Post menopause = > 1 yr without bleeding

RED FLAG: bleeding post-menopause could mean endometrial/uterine cancer

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5
Q

Breast Assessment

A
  • Largest amount of breast tissue is in the upper outer quadrant (9 o’clock to 12 o’clock position) and the tail of spence
    > Common site for breast cancers

Need to inspect and palpate (there’s a difference)
INSPECT: A good way to inspect is patient sitting with hands on hips gown at waist
PALPATE: Supine with the arm above head usually under head for support, May put a town or roll under that shoulder.

-Document abnormalities of breast according to clock position

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6
Q

Ovarian Cancer

A

Asymptomatic at first then presents as abdominal vague symptoms such as fullness and bloating

Or found by enlarged ovary

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7
Q

Cervical Cancer

A

Asymptomatic usually found on pap smear

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8
Q

Normal findings in male infants/toddlers

How to asses

A
  • Male Assess penis and urethral meatus
  • Foreskin if present is fully retractable by age 3-4

Testicles
Make sure you can palpate both in the scrotal sac-possible undescended testes-refer to pediatric surgeon
-Cremasteric reflex- when the scrotal contents retract in response to cold hands

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9
Q

Normal findings in female infants/toddlers

How to asses

A

?

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10
Q

Bacterial vaginosis (BV)

A

Overgrowth of bacteria naturally found in the vaginal canal

How to diagnose:

  • Chief cause Gardnerella vaginalis- FISHY odor
  • CLUE cells will be present on a wet mount PH maybe higher than 4.5 (normal pH is 3.8-4.5)
  • KOH is added to wet mount and if there is a strong fishy odor most likely BV
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11
Q

Chlamydia

A

may be asymptomatic or may have discharge with a slight odor

Urine or cervical/vaginal swab to diagnose

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12
Q

Gonorrhea

A

dysuria, green or yellow vaginal discharge

Gonorrhea nucleic acid amplification (NAAT) is the optimal test, culture, urine

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13
Q

Condyloma Acuminatum

A

(genital warts)

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14
Q

Molluscum Contagiosum

A

IN CHILDREN not considered an STI

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15
Q

Trichomoniasis

A

Caused by infection with a protozoan parasite

Sometimes asymptomatic may have vaginal discharge- white, grey yellow or green, possible dysuria or CMT

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16
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A
  • any pregnancy outside the uterus
  • low back pain, abdominal pain cramping, CMT
  • Any rupture is a medical emergency
  • they will have + HCG
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17
Q

PID

A

Any infection and/or STI can lead to PID- infection of uterus and adnexa

  • CMT a classic sign along with abdominal pain, fevers etc.
18
Q

Genital Herpes

A

Caused by HSV- herpetic lesions- vesicles

– Chiefly caused by HSV-2

  • however HSV-1 which is oral to oral contact can cause genital infection
19
Q

HIV

A

burning in and around thevaginaandvulva, dyspareunia, dysuria thick, whitevaginaldischarge

20
Q

Varicocele

A

Torturous thickened spermatic cord- feels like a ”bag of worms”
Do not need treatment unless symptomatic-surgery can cause infertility issues

21
Q

Testicular Torsion

A

twisting of the testes twisting the spermatic cord

Sudden onset of sever pain to the affected side. MEDICAL emergency

22
Q

Epididymitis

What should Epididymis feel like?

A

Inflammation of the epididymis – painful, swollen red scrotum, dysuria. may have fever or urethral discharge
Common causes: STI or UTI- screen and treat with appropriate antibiotics

Epididymis – should be nontender (posterolateral aspect of testes)

23
Q

Testicular Cancer

What should Testes feel like

A

Lumps?

Testes should feel smooth and rubbery devoid of masses

24
Q

Hydrocele

A

Fluid accumulation in scrotum
Fluid will TRANSILLUMINATE! US to confirm
Usually disappears in the first year of life in infants. In adults usually does not require treatment but surgery may be an option

25
Q

Prostatitis

A

May be caused by UTI or STI in younger men. PROSTATE BOGGY and ENLARGED

26
Q

BPH

A

Very normal occurrence in older men. PROSTATE enlarged but smooth and rubbery

27
Q

Prostate Cancer

A

PROSTATE Hard irregular nodule(s) –median sulcus of prostate may be obliterated

28
Q

Know how to assess a prostate and what a normal and abnormal should feel like

What does abnormal prostate suggest?

A

Any enlargement of the prostate gland may cause hesitancy when starting a stream, decrease force of urine and may cause urinary retention, UTIs etc.

29
Q

Assess for inguinal hernia

A

Place one finger in the inguinal canal and ask patient to bear down or “turn and cough”
If hernia present, you will feel a bulge against your finger

30
Q

Hypospadias Epispadias and Phimosis

A

Hypo (Urethral oriface below)
Epi (Urethral orifice above)

Phimosis if the foreskin cannot be retracted

31
Q

Tanner Stages

A

?

32
Q

Visualization of large proportion of “clue cells” on your wet mount slide examination suggests:

A

Bacterial Vaginosis

33
Q

The best way to inspect female breast tissue is to:

A

WRONG: raise 1 arm above head with towel behind back supine (look over email)

34
Q

The examiner can palpate the posterior surface of the prostate gland. Palpation of a normal prostate in an older adult is likely to feel:

A

Sooth and rubbery like the end of a pencil eraser

35
Q

While assessing testicles and scrotum of a 55-year-old patient, the examiner notes a thickened spermatic cord that feels like a “bag of worms”. This most likely is:

A

Varicocele

36
Q

How would the examiner assess for an inguinal hernia?

A

1 finger in the inguinal canal

37
Q

Documentation of a breast mass location is:

A

in reference to a clock around the nipple

38
Q

The most emergent cause of testicular pain in a young adult male is:

A

Testicular Torsion

39
Q

When estimating the uterine size, which estimates fetal growth/gestational age:

A

Measure from the upper part of the symphysis pubis to the top, or the superior aspect of the fundus
Fundal height in cm correlates fairly well with the gestational age of the fetus in weeks (ex: 22 cm= 22 weeks gestation)

40
Q

The largest amount of glandular tissues lies in (and is one of the most common sites for breast cancer):

A

Upper Outer Region

Phys Assess Final (7 decks)

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