Female Histology- Lecture 3

Question 1

Corpus albicans (white body)

Answer 1

if pregnancy does not occur, corpus luteum (yellow body) degenerates and is invaded by CT to become corpus albicans

Question 2

Cervix mucosa

Answer 2

Folded- structure varies with species. Mostly goblet cells- mucus character varies with cycle and pregnancy; lamina propria becomes edematous during estrus.

Question 3

Surface epithelium

Answer 3

Ovary tissue continuous with mesovarium

Question 3

Tunica submucosa

Answer 3

may contain glands that open to lumen

Question 4

Cortex (outside medulla, except in equine)

Answer 4

Ovary tissue Where follicles and corpora lutea, atretica, and albicans. Interstitial glands- epithelioid cells that secrete estrogen. Stroma- specialized connective tissue with fibroblasts and extensive blood and lymphatic capillaries.

Question 4

Luteinization

Answer 4

hypertrophy, hyperplasia, accumulation of lipid pigment

Question 5

Corpus luteum (yellow body)

Answer 5

after corpus hemorrhagicum, rest of follicualr wall collapses; granulosa and theca interna cells luteinize to granulosa lutein cells and theca lutein cells. Corpus luteum is an endrocrine gland that produces progesterone. Persists and enlarges if pregnancy occurs.

Question 5

Uterotubal junction

Answer 5

Part of uterine tube. Structure varies greatly among species. Histology similar to isthmus. Capable of constricting, like a sphincter.

Question 5

Lactating mammary glands

Answer 5

Merocrine: proteins and carbs. Apocrine: lipids. Holocrine: sloughed secretory cells, macrophages, leukocytes. Corpora amylacea: concretions of milk and cellular detritus.

Question 6

Tunica mucosa

Answer 6

Lamina epithelialis mucosae-epithelium plus basal lamina. lamina propria mucosae- may contain lymph nodules and glands. lamina muscularis mucosae- often intermittent or absent.

Question 7

Tunica muscularis (muscularis externa)

Answer 7

often inner circular, outer longitudinal

Question 7

Myometrium (tunica muscularis) of uterus

Answer 7

Thick inner circular layer of smooth muscle; stratum vasculare; thinner outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle.

Question 8

Deciduate placenta

Answer 8

Uterine mucosa is eroded to varying degrees; some maternal tissue lost at parturition.

Question 9

Isthmus

Answer 9

Part of uterine tube. Small lumen. Mucosa- folds are simple, forming grooves or pockets; secretory cells usually predominate over ciliated cells in epithelium. Muscularis- thicker than in ampulla, can constrict lumen.

Question 10

Uterus layers

Answer 10

inside to outside: endometrium. myometrium. perimetrium- tunica serosa.

Question 11

Estrus

Answer 11

Estrogen high, progesterone low. Lining and glandular epithelium proliferates, heterophil infiltration continues. Stroma- congestion, edema, and hemorrhage maximal

Question 13

Primordial follicle

Answer 13

Follicular development. Loosely organized. primary oocyte (from primordial germ cells of yolk sac endoderm origin); single layer of squamous follicular cells (mesoderm origin), may not be present in adults

Question 14

Vagina histology

Answer 14

Mucosa- highly folded, stratified squamous, stroma contains lymphatic layers. Muscularis- thick: two or three layers.

Question 15

Oviduct

Answer 15

pathway to the Uterus

Question 17

Secondary follicle

Answer 17

Follicular development Zona pellucida is now visible. It is a glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of the oocyte. Follicular cells multiply and become granulosa, retaining a basal lamina. Thecal layers begin to elaborate.

Question 18

Endometrium (tunica mucosa) of uterus

Answer 18

Mostly simple columnar epithelium. Uterine glands- species variation. Caruncles- form sites of contact with extraembryonic membranes in ruminants. Lamina propria- hyperplastic loose CT; numerous leukocytes, ready to invade lumen.

Question 18

Nondeciduate placenta

Answer 18

Fetal trophoblast tissue interdigitates with maternal tissue; maternal tissue not lost at parturition. Ruminants, horses, sheep, pigs

Question 20

Primary follicle

Answer 20

Follicular development primary oocyte activates, enlarges, begins to produce zona pellucida; follicular cells become cuboidal; stromal calls form theca

Question 21

Cervix characteristics

Answer 21

Valve-like entrance that protects uterus, open during estrus and parturition. Species variation in anatomy and mucus production, mainly where sperm is deposited.

Question 23

Ampulla

Answer 23

Part of uterine tube. Large lumen, leads to infundibulum. Mucosa- extensive, branched folds; ciliated cells predominate in epithelium. Muscularis- circular and longitudinal smooth muscle.

Question 23

Cervix muscularis

Answer 23

Inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle; elastic fibers prominent in the circular layer.

Question 24

Corpus atreticum (atretic follicle)

Answer 24

forms from follicles that fail to complete development; oocyte liquifies; zona pellucida thickens and folds; CT invades follicle; theca interna may undergo luteinization, forming interstitial gland.

Question 26

Proestrus

Answer 26

Increasing estrogen. Lining epithelium- hypertrophies, leukocytes begin to infiltrate. Glands- remain straight. Stroma- increasing vascularity and congestion, some hemorrhaging.

Question 27

Resting mammary glands

Answer 27

Parenchyma reduced and replaced by loose CT. Extensive lymphocyte infiltration.

Question 28

Ovulation

Answer 28

thinning of the thecal layers; buildup of follicular fluid; follicular stigma (site of rupture); rupture of follicle releases oocyte, zona pellucida, corona radiata, and cumulus.

Question 29

Corpus hemorrhagicum

Answer 29

results after ovulation due to ruptured blood vessels, collapsing follicular wall and blood present.

Question 31

Tertiary follicle

Answer 31

Follicular development Follicular fluid forms from granulosa cells and blood filtrate in a space (antrum). Granulosa differentiate into 1) columnar corona radiate cells 2) cumulus cells 3) membrana granulosa cells. Theca interna and externa

Question 33

Medulla

Answer 33

Ovary tissue loose connective tissue and strands of smooth muscle, large blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves. rete ovarii- emvryonic remnants equivalent to rete testis. hilus cells- produce steroid hormones. Vessels and nerves.

Question 34

Theca interna

Answer 34

develops in tertiary follicle. Epithelioid steroidogenic cells, blood and lymph capillaries.

Question 35

Tunica adventitia or serosa

Answer 35

perimetrium of uterus. Serosa if adjacent to body cavity; adventitia if surrounded by connective tissue

Question 36

Diestrus

Answer 36

Estrogen low, progesterone high. Maximal glandular hyperplasia and coiling. If no fertilization- all activity declines

Question 37

Theca externa

Answer 37

develops in tertiary follicle. Fibroblastic layer, thecal cone points towards ovarian surface.

Question 38

Tunica albunginea ovarii

Answer 38

Ovary tissue dense irregular connective tissue, much thinner than in testis

Question 39

Pregnancy

Answer 39

Estrogen and progesterone increase. Equine trophoblast cells form endometrial cups which produce chorionic gonadotrophin.

Question 40

Anestrus

Answer 40

Estrogen and progesterone low. Endometrium is thin. Glands are sparse and at minimum complexity.