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reproduction > Camelid Reproduction- Lecture 18 > Flashcards

Camelid Reproduction- Lecture 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Macho

A

Male

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2
Q

Hembra

A

Female

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3
Q

Cria

A

Offspring

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4
Q

Criation/unpacking

A

Parturition

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5
Q

Cush or Kush

A

Sternal recumbency

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6
Q

Scrotum

A 
Non-pendulous.
Near anus.
Testes descended at birth.
Sperm production at 10-12 months.
Max size: llamas- 3 yrs. alpaca- 5 yrs.
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7
Q

Testis

A

Vertical orientation

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8
Q

Epididymis

A

Small.

Tail of epididymis is on the dorsal pole of the testis.

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9
Q

Male accessory sex glands

A

Small ampulla.
Prostate.
Bulbourethral glands.
NO VESICULAR GLANDS.

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10
Q

Prepuce

A

Triangular and non pendulous.

Posterior orientation- urinates backwards between legs, sexual stimulation changes the orientation.

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11
Q

Penis

A 
Fibroelastic.
Sigmoid flexure (pre-scrotal).
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12
Q

Glans penis

A

Hook shaped process.
Cartilaginous process (develops with age)- clockwise curve.
Adaptation allows to penetrate cervix.

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13
Q

Preputial adhesions

A

Testosterone influence.
Early castration may cause adhesions to persist.
Disappear in intact males by 3 years.

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14
Q

Ovary

A

Ovaloid shape.

Ovulation anywhere on the surface.

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15
Q

Uterus

A

Bicornuate.

Distinct septum- incomplete fusion.

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16
Q

Cervix

A

External os protrudes into the vestibule “doughnut”.

2 to 3 ring like structure.

17
Q

Vagina

A

15-25 cm in length

18
Q

Mammary glands

A

Four teats- directed cranio-ventrally possess two openings.
Distinct separation between left and right halves of udders.
Independent anterior and posterior quarters.

19
Q

Male Puberty

A

Testosterone driven- increase around 2 years.

Spermatogenesis- seasonal effect.

20
Q

Female puberty

A

Lack of true estrous cycle.
Ovarian activity- 10 months.
Average is 12-13 months with body weight at 33 kg.

21
Q

Physiology

A

No true estrous cycle- unpredictable.

Peruvian breeding season (Dec. to March).

22
Q

Follicular dynamics

A

Distinct follicular waves: follicles develop and become atretic.
Antral fluid- estradiol.
Pre-ovulatory follicles- 6 to 8 mm.

23
Q

Female breeding behavior- receptive

A

Submissive- exhibit passive behavior.
“Cush”.
Females sit down near mating couples- smell the male.

24
Q

Female breeding behavior- non receptive

A 
Mated females.
CL is present- progesterone influence.
Reject the male.
"Spitting-off".
Run away screaming.
25
Q

Male mating behavior

A

Copulation- average 2 to 25 minutes, can be up to 70.
Dribble ejaculators- once every minute, semen deposited into uterus.
Can inseminate horns individually.

26
Q

Ovulation

A

Induced ovulators- 24hrs after breeding.
Stimulus- orgling and cervical stimulation.
Male’s seminal plasma has OIF in it.

27
Q

Ovulation inducing factor/OIF

A

Stimulates release of LH.

Found in semen.

28
Q

Pregnancy

A

98% of pregnancies are in left uterine horn. CL produces progesterone. Blastocyst enters uterus at 5-6 days.

29
Q

Twins

A

Live births are uncommon

30
Q

Placenta

A

Non-deciduate.
Epitheliochorial.
Diffuse.
Microcotyledonary.

31
Q

Gestation

A

Alpacas & llamas: 335-360 days.
Progesterone dependent.
Prolonged gestation occurs.

32
Q

Parturition

A

Occurs in morning.

Signs: not recognized.

33
Q

Stage 1 parturition

A

Isolation, restlessness.
Frequent attempts to urinate.
Hip resting.
2-6 hours.

34
Q

Stage 2 parturition

A

Criate while standing.

Average 8-25 minutes.

35
Q

Stage 3 parturition

A

Placenta passes between 4-6 hours.

At 24 hours it is considered retained.

36
Q

Epidermal membrane

A

Attached to mucosal membranes.

37
Q

Postpartum

A

Vulvar discharge- present up to one week, normal lochia (thick, pinkish or white).
Little “mothering” normal.
Rapid return to receptivity.

38
Q

Return to receptivity

A

Receptive within days of parturition (4 days).
Breeding less then 15 days post- obtain good fertility rate.
Uterine involution is complete by 15 to 20 days.

reproduction (19 decks)

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