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HD 3 Drugs > Female Gonadal Hormones/Drugs > Flashcards

Female Gonadal Hormones/Drugs Flashcards

0
Q

Synthetic Estrogens

A
  • used in mixed contraceptives (along w/ progesterone)
    1. ethinyl estradiol
    2. estradiol valerate
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1
Q

naturally occurring estrogens

A
  1. Estrogen
  2. Estrone
  3. Estriol
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2
Q

Conjugated estrogens

A
  • used to treat menopause if severe Sxs

1. Equilin

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3
Q

Synthetic progestins

A
  • used in contraceptives (?)
  • 17-hydroxyprogesterone
  • 19-nortestosterone
  • drospirenone (anti-mineralcorticoid)
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4
Q

progestins

A

17-hydroxyprogesterone or 19-nortestosterone derivatives w/ androgenic activity, used for contraception:
=> suppress LH & ovulation,
=> endometrium -> non-receptive to implantation

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5
Q

list of progestins (7 names)

A

(contraceptives, suppress LH) 1st 5 = 19-nortestosterone derivs.

  1. norethindrone
  2. norgestrel
  3. levonorgestrel
  4. ethynodiol acetate
  5. dienogest
    * 6. 17-hydroxyprogesteron & medroxyprogesterone “MPA”
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6
Q

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (“SERMs”)

A

non-steroidal drugs w/ tissue selectivity (agonist/antag. depending on use)
uses = osteoporosis Tx, breast cancer Tx, fertility Tx…

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7
Q

Raloxifene

A

SERM,
used for osteoporosis (estrogen agonist in bone)
*does NOT increase risk of breast/uterine cancer

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8
Q

Tamoxifen & Toremifene

A

SERM
used for breast cancer (anti-estrogen @ breast)
* partial agonist => increased risk endometrial hyperplasia & uterine cancer

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9
Q

Clomiphene

A

SERM used for fertility,
blocks estrogen inhibition of pituitary FSH/LH
=> increase ovulation rate & fertility

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10
Q

Bazedoxifene

A

SERM used in combo w/ estrogen,
for post-menopausal severe vasomotor Sxs & osteoporosis prevention (*if intact uterus)
* esp. good for ppl who can’t tolerante progestins

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11
Q

Ospemifene

A

SERM used for dispareunia,
= estrogen agonist @ vaginal epithelium & bone;
NO activity @ breast or uterine tissues.

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12
Q

Mifepristone

A 
progesterone antagonist (competitive),
Use: induce abortion
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13
Q

Paroxetine mesylate

A

SSRI,

used for vasomotor Sxs in post-menopausal women.

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14
Q

Ethinyl estradiol

A

synthetic estrogen, suppresses FSH & follicle emergence
Use: oral contraceptive (daily)
*slow metabolism

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15
Q

Combined oral contraceptives

A

estrogen + progesterone for 21 days,

mono-, bi- or tri-phasic dosing.

16
Q

norethindrone, norgestrel

A

small dose oral contraception,

mech: induces non-receptive endometrium (less by ovulation block)

17
Q

Norplant capsule

A

Sub-dermal contraceptive implant, contains levonorgestrel;

lasts 5 years.

18
Q

Depo-provera

A

= intramuscular injection of medroxyprogesterone acetate (“MPA”)
parenteral dose lasts 3 months, subcut also available.

19
Q

Mirena, progestasert

A

IUD + levonorgestrel (progestin) -> contraceptive.
Mirena - lasts 5 years
Progestasert - lasts 1 year

20
Q

Nuvaring

A

vaginal ring w/ Ethinyl estradiol + etonorgestrel;

Use: on 3 wks, out 1, repeat.

21
Q

Ortho Evra

A

transdermal patch with ethinyl estradiol & norelgestromin,
1 patch/wk for 3 wks, 4th wk no patch.
* may have higher risk blood clots!

22
Q

Emergency contraceptives

A
  1. Plan B = large dose levonorgestrel (2 or 1 dose, w/ in 72 hrs)
  2. Yuzpe Regimen = levonorgestrel + ethinyl estradiol,
    - take 12 hrs apart, w/in 72 hrs of intercourse, *more nausea & vomiting
  3. Ulipristal acetate = selective progesterone R modulator,
    - use w/in 120 hrs of intercourse (as effective as plan B)
23
Q

Common Drugs contraindicated in pregnancy

& consequences

A
  1. Androgens - fetal virilization
  2. Diethylstilbesterol - fetal vaginal adenocarcinoma
  3. isotretinoin - teratogenic
  4. ACE Is/ARBs
  5. Statins
  6. NSAIDs *in 3rd trimester only
24
Q

When & why are NSAIDs contraindicated in pregnancy?

A

when: in 3rd trimester
Why: low birth weight, premature ductus arteriosus closure, inhibition of labor

25
Q

Environmental/social drugs contraindicated in pregnancy

& consequences

A
  1. Alcohol - FAS (fetal alcohol syndrome)
  2. tobacco smoke - low birth weight
  3. cocaine - premature birth
26
Q

drugs for nausea & vomiting SAFE during pregnancy:

A
  1. H1 antagonists: meclizine, dimenhydrate, dephenhydramine
  2. Dopaime agonsits: metochlorpramide, phenthiazines, promethazine, prochlorperazine
  3. 5-HT3 antagonists: onansetron
27
Q

Drugs safe for UTI treatment during pregnancy

A
  1. penicillins

2. cephalosporins

28
Q

drugs for Asthma safe during pregnancy

A
  1. inhaled glucocorticoids
  2. chromolyn
  3. B2-agonists
29
Q

Drugs for epilepsy safe during pregnancy

A
  1. Vit K/Folic acid
  2. phenobarbital
  3. phenytoin
30
Q

Diabetes drugs safe during pregnancy

A

insulin

31
Q

drugs for hypertension safe during pregnancy

A

methyldopa, labetalol, beta blockers

32
Q

Drugs for URIs safe during pregnancy

A
  • use only if necessary

pseudoephedrine, acetaminophen

33
Q

Drugs for depression safe during pregnancy

A

use OLDER tricyclics

34
Q

drugs for acne safe during pregnancy

A
  • topical benzoyl peroxidase
  • erythromycin
  • clindamycin
35
Q

Drugs for heartburn/GERD safe during pregnancy

A
  • MgAl antacids
  • H2-antagonists
  • mild of magnesia

HD 3 Drugs (11 decks)

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