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Spring 2014 - OB TEST 3 - NEONATAL/PEDIATRIC PELVIS ✔️ > Female Genital Tract > Flashcards

Female Genital Tract Flashcards

0
Q

What are female chromosomes?

A

XX

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1
Q

What are male chromosomes?

A

XY

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2
Q

Fetal gender is determined by what?

A

The sperm which fertilize the ovum

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3
Q

How do male/female reproductive organs develop?

A

Gonadal ridges grow to form primary sex cords

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4
Q

When is the external genitalia fully formed?

A

12th week of gestation

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5
Q

What forms most of the female reproductive system?

A

Müllerian ducts

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6
Q

What forms most of the male reproductive system?

A

Wolffian Ducts

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7
Q

What derives from the Müllerian ducts?

A

The uterus and upper third of the vagina

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8
Q

What happens during the 7th-12th weeks of gestation?

A

Müllerian ducts elongate - internal lumens

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9
Q

Fusion begins and ends where? Generally and specifically.

A

Caudally to cephalically

Vagina to Fallopian tubes

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10
Q

What do unfused cranial ends form?

A

The Fallopian tubes

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11
Q

What do the fused caudal ends form?

A

The vagina, cervix, and uterus

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12
Q

What can occur through the fusion process?

A

Fusion anomalies

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13
Q

When imaging the pediatric pelvis, what has to be full?

A

The bladder

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14
Q

When imaging the pediatric pelvis, what are the guidelines for filling the bladder of a infant/toddler?

A

Have parents keep the child well hydrated

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15
Q

When imaging the pediatric pelvis, what are the guidelines for filling the bladder of a potty trained child?

A

Drink 2 glasses of fluid 1 hour prior; hold bladder

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16
Q

When imaging the pediatric pelvis, what are the guidelines for filling the bladder of a young teen?

A

3-4 glasses of fluid 1 hour prior

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17
Q

Are endovaginal exams done on children/minors?

A

NO; except for extenuating circumstances

18
Q

What does the bladder wall look like?

A

Smooth and thin

19
Q

What is the thickness of the bladder?

A

Full = 1.5-3.0 mm

Empty or partially filled = < 5 mm

20
Q

What is applied to the bladder jets during an ultrasound?

A

Color Doppler

21
Q

When imagining the bladder jets, the ureters should not be _________.

A

Dilated

22
Q

Where should fluid not be visible when imaging the bladder?

A

The neck and the urethra

23
Q

Why do we image “post-void” or an empty bladder?

A

To make sure the bladder is actually the bladder and not a cyst

24
Q

Name 4 things about a newborns uterus…

A

Maternal hormones are still present
Pear shaped
Length is 3.5 cm
Fundus/cervix ratio is 1:2

25
Q

Name 4 things about a 2-3 month olds uterus…

A

Teardrop shaped - tubular configuration
Length is 2.5-3.0 cm (prepuberty)
Fundus/cervix ratio is 1:1
No discernible endometrial stripe

26
Q

Describe what a 7 year olds uterus looks like…

A

Increases in size

Looks more pear shaped

27
Q

Name 3 things about a puberty/post puberty uterus…

A

Dramatic changes in shape and size
Length is 5-7 cm
Fundus/cervix ratio is 3:1

28
Q

What part of the female reproductive tract is difficult to evaluate?

A

The vagina

29
Q

How can the vagina be seen during an ultrasound?

A

With a full bladder

30
Q

Describe the vagina and its location to the bladder and the cervix.

A

Tubular structure posterior to the bladder

Continuity with the cervix

31
Q

A bright central echo is an image of what?

A

The vagina

32
Q

What is used to measure the ovaries?

A

A volume measurement

33
Q

Ovaries can be difficult to images, where should you look?

A

Anywhere between the lower pole of the kidneys to the true pelvis

34
Q

Size of the ovaries are _____ up to _____ years old.

A

Stable, 5

35
Q

What is the measurement of the ovary?

A

.75-.86 cm cubed

36
Q

What does a neonatal ovary look like?

A

Heterogenous secondary to tiny cysts

37
Q

What does the ovary look like as it increases with ages?

A

Homogeneous; maybe small cysts

38
Q

What 3 effects can developmental abnormalities of the ovaries and uterus have on a female?

A

Interference with blood supply
Distortion of the uterine cavity causing infertility
Spontaneous AB

39
Q

What percentage of female develop congenital abnormalities?

A

Approximately .5%

40
Q

A uterus and ovary abnormality is associated with what else?

A

A renal abnormality

41
Q

Name some Müllerian abnormalities…

A

Improper fusion, incomplete development of one side, incomplete vaginal canalization

42
Q

What should you ALWAYS check if a Müllerian abnormality is detected?

A

The kidneys

Spring 2014 - OB TEST 3 - NEONATAL/PEDIATRIC PELVIS ✔️ (6 decks)

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