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Patho 2 > Female Genital Organs-17 > Flashcards

Female Genital Organs-17 Flashcards

1
Q

female genital organs

A

vulva, vagina, uterus, fallopian (uterine) tubes and ovaries

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2
Q

Bartholin’s glands

A

at the outlet of the vagina

produce mucoid secretion that lubricates the vagina during sexual intercourse

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3
Q

uterine cervix

A

distal, narrow portion of uterus that projects into vagina

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4
Q

cervical canal

A

continus with uterine cavity

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5
Q

cervical os

A

opening of the cervical canal into vagina

impervious to bacteria and sperm

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6
Q

endometrium

A

glandular mucosa lining the uterine cavity

site of implantation of a fertilized ovum

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7
Q

follicles

A

specialized structures that house ova in the ovarian cortex

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8
Q

ovulation

A

once a month a mature ovum is released from its follicle and expelled from the surface of the ovary

occurs about 2 wks after menstruation

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9
Q

blastocyst

A

formed by meiosis of a fertilized egg

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10
Q

in repeated menstrual cycles

A

the endometrium is stimulated to proliferate or develop a rich blood supply and produce secretions that provide nourishment for the growing blastocyst. it is sloughed during menstruation if pregnancy doesn’t occur and immediately begins to proliferate again

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11
Q

menarche

A

first menstrual period of a pubertal girl

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12
Q

2 weeks before ovulation

A

in the 2 weeks before ovulation, the endometrium is in the proliferative, or actively and rapidly growing phase.

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13
Q

2 weeks after ovulation

A

the endometrium undergoes secretory changes to prepare for possible pregnancy

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14
Q

follicle stimulating hormone

A

produced by pituitary gland
stimulates maturation of a follicle in the ovary

the maturing follicle produces estrogen, which stimulates the endometrial glands to proliferate

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15
Q

luteinizing hormon

A

released by pituitary gland when estrogen levels reaches a critical threshold
-stimulates the release of the ovum from the follicle

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16
Q

corpus luteum

A

emply follicle continues to grow into a large mass of lipid-rich cells=corpus luteum

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17
Q

progesterone

A

produced by corpus luteum cells

encourage the endometrium to undergo secretory changes that make it hospitable to the blastocyst

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18
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

A

produced by developing embryo

-maintains the corpus luteum

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19
Q

if pregnancy does not occur..

A

the corpus luteum slowly involutes and the withdrawal of progestogens causes the endometrium to degenerate and menstruation to occur

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20
Q

obstetrics

A

childbirth

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21
Q

gynecology

A

conditions specific to women

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22
Q

most frequent problems relating to female genitals that require medical care or counseling

A

birth control
infertility

routine:
prenatal care, childbirth
control of menopausal symptoms
dx & tx of infections
screening for cervical cancer
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23
Q

pregnancy loss

A

up to 1/4 of all pregnancies end in loss

most of these occur in the first 12 weeks

24
Q

most common venereal diseases

A

gonorrhea

chlamydia

25
pelvic inflammatory disease
when gonorrhea and chlamydia spreads to the fallopian tubes | causes pain, discomfort, infertility and ectopic pregnancy
26
HPV infections
causal in the genesis of carcinoma of the cervix
27
leiomyoma
nodular overgrowth of smooth muscle cells in the uterus "fibroids"- can cause abnormally heavy or irregular menstrual cycles, cause problems with the attachment of the placenta to uterine wall.
28
hysterectomy
surgical removal of uterus common reason: leimyoma
29
tubal ligation
surgical interruption of the uterine tube- for child birth
30
amenorrhea
absence of menstruation
31
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
excessive bleeding caused by an imbalance of hormones
32
menorrhagia
excessive menstrual bleeding
33
metrorrhagia
irregular bleeding from uterus between menses
34
dysmenorrhea
cramping pain during menstruation
35
pruritis
itching of the vulva
36
speculum
device that spreads the walls of the vagina for exams
37
colposcope
aids in selecting the most appropriate biopsy sites
38
cone biopsy
removal of a cone of tissue including cervical os and endocervical lining for systematic histologic eval
39
ultrasound
used to visualize fallopian tubes and ovaries | looks for placental diseases or structural abnormalities of the fetus during pregnancy
40
laparoscopy
insertion of an endoscope into peritoneal cavity through an incision at the umbilicus direct inspection of abdominal and pelvic contents
41
gonorrhea, chlamydia
caused by transmittable bacteria smoldering infection in the uterine tubes can cause irreversible scarring and infertility symptoms may include urethritis or vaginal discharge or pelvic pain
42
urethritis
pain and urgency with urination
43
pelvic inflammatory disease PID
complications of infection by chlamydia or gonorrhea in uterus, uterine tubes and tissues around the tubes very common resulting scar tissue can seriously distort uterine tube so ova can't pass through to uterine cavity
44
2 complications from PID
1: ectopic pregnancy - life threatening- tube can't accommodate growing embryo and ruptures- pain and potential maternal internal bleeding-death 2: implantation of a fertilizated egg in fallopian tube and infertility
45
syphilis
chancre=painless ulcer- develops in vaginal canal may go undetected until develops secondary syphilis- rash on palms, soles, headache, fatigue, lymphoglandular swelling
46
STDs can be transmitted to developing detus
chlamydia: can cause pneumonia and pink eye gonorrhea: infection of joitns and sepsis syphillis: transmitted across placenta. 40% will die in utero. those that survive-developmental delays, skeletal deformities
47
herpes simplex virus (HSV)
cause blistering lesions of the squamous epithelium of the vulva and cervix babies are delivered c-sections during active lesions
48
condylomata acuminata
serotype of HPV "genital warts" transmitted venereally, moist mucous membranes
49
trichomoniasis
protozoan parasit, sexually transmitted causes green-yellow, frothy, foul smelling discharge from vagina, itching, discomfort with sex and sometimes urethritis doesn't interfere with pregnancy treated with antibiotics
50
candida
fungi normally present in vagina. under certain conditions that grow excessively and produce superficial vaginitis or vulvovaginitis YEAST INFECTION itching, pain, discomfort with sex, thick white discharge prevented by presence of other bacteria that normally reside in vagina.
51
endometriosis
occurrence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, usually in ovary responsive to estrogen- therefore undergoes proliferation and degeneration-bleeding then causes PAIN with: menstruation, sex, defection, urination, pelvic pain scaring of uterine tube can cause infertility **most common cause of pelvic pain associated with certain carcinomas of the ovary
52
what is the most common cause of pelvic pain?
endometriosis
53
endometriomas
hemorrhagic cavities on surface of ovary- result in torsion of ovary or twisting around its vascular stalk with resultant ischemic injury surgical emergency!
54
dysfunctional uterine bleeding DUB
most common cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding not caused by a structural defect results from derangements in hormonal control of ovulatory cycle failure to ovulate may result in amenorrhea or excessive bleeding
55
polycystic ovarian cancer
associated with derangements in the control of ovulation | irregular menstrual cycles and infertility
56
menopause
permanent cessation of menstruation ~40 years after menarche cessation of estrogen and progesterone production in ovary
57
oophorectomy
surgical removal of the gonads

Patho 2 (10 decks)

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