Female Genital Mutilation Flashcards
1
Q
Key risk factors of FGM
A
- Mother has had FGM
- Older sister or cousin has undergone FGM
- Mother (or father) has requested re-infibulation following delivery
- Parents express views that they follow the practice
- Girl is withdrawn from social personal and health levels
2
Q
FGM and the law
A
- An offence in the UK since 1985 and Scotland since 2005
3
Q
Health impacts of FGM
A
- Severe pain and shock
- Infection
- Tissue injury
- Sprains/ dislocations/ broken bones/ internal injuries from being restrained
- Immediate fatal haemorrhaging
- Blood borne infection
- Urinary retention and difficulty menstruation
- uterine/ vaginal and pelvic infection
- Cysts and neuromas
- Complications in childbirth and pregnancy
- Increased risk of fistulas
- Trauma and PTSD
- Sexual dysfunction
4
Q
Why is FGM carried out
A
- Preserve virginity and chastity
- Religious beliefs
- Social acceptance
- Fear of social exclusion
- Improve marriage prospects
- Hygiene and cleanliness
- Increase sexual pleasure for the male
- Family honour
- Enhance fertility
5
Q
Re-infibulation
A
- Restitching of FGM type 3 to re-close vagina after childbirth
- Illegal in the UK
6
Q
De-infibulation
A
- Reversal of GM
- Surgical procedure to open up a closed vagina of FGM type 3
7
Q
Classifications of female genital mutilation
A
- Type 1 - clitoridectomy: partial or total removal of the clitoris and in rare instance the prepuce only
- Type 2 - excision: partial or total removal of the clitoris and labia minor with or without excision of labia majora
- Type 3 - infibulation: narrowing of vaginal opening by creating a covering seal by repositioning inner/ outer labia without removal of clitoris
- Type 4 - other: all other harmful FGM e.g pricking, incising, scraping and cauterising genital area
8
Q
Definition
A
Procedures that involve the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia/ other injury to female genital organs for culture and non-medial reasons
