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Reproductive > Anatomy workbook 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy workbook 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What three structures make up the birth canal

A
  • Cervix
  • Vagina
  • Vulva
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2
Q

What are the three layers of the uterus

A
  • Endometrium
  • Myometrium
  • Perimetrium (outer serous layer)
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3
Q

Name the physiological segments of the uterus during pregnancy

A
  • Lower uterine segment (LUS) → formed from isthmus and cervix
  • Upper uterine segment (UUS) → formed from body of the uterus
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4
Q

Area of the uterine body that develops into lower uterine segment (check the answer)

A

Isthmus of the uterus

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5
Q

Which part of the uterus is opened during a caesarean section

A
  • Lower uterine segment
  • Part where muscle is at its thinnest
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6
Q
A
  • Lower uterine segment
  • Part where muscle is at its thinnest
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7
Q

What is the normal position of the uterus

A
  • Anteverted and ante flexed
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8
Q

What are the implications of a retroverted and retroflexed during pregnancy

A
  • Puts pressure onto bowels (GI symptoms and pelvic pain)
  • Pelvic prolapse
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9
Q

Why is it important to know the position of the uterus prior to surgical instrumentation of uterine cavity

A
  • To prevent excessive trauma to the uterine walls
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10
Q

What are the fornices of the vagina and how many are there

A
  • Recesses created by the protrusion of the cervix into the vagina)
  • Lateral x2
  • Upper anterior
  • Upper posterior (largest)
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11
Q

Through which vaginal fornix can you access the rectouterine pouch

A

Upper posterior pouch → culdocentesis

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12
Q

Name the ligaments that anchor the uterus and cervix

A
  • Ovarian ligament
  • Suspensory ligament of the ovary
  • Round ligament of the uterus
  • Broad ligament
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13
Q

Which ligament is called the cardinal ligament of the uterus

A

Base of the broad ligament (contains uterine artery and vein)

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14
Q

Structures within the pelvis that support the uterus

A
  • Pelvic fascia
  • Broad ligament
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15
Q

What are the four parts to the uterine tubes (proximal to distal)

A
  • Intramural/ uterine part
  • Isthmus (medial ⅓ part)
  • Ampulla
  • Infundibulum (containing fimbriae)
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16
Q

What is the longest and widest part of the uterine tube

A
  • Ampula
17
Q

Fertilisation occurs at which part of the uterine tube

A
  • Lumen of the ampulla
18
Q

Which two ligaments support the ovaries

A
  • Ovarian ligament (from uterus to ovaries)
  • Suspensory ligaments of the ovaries (ovary to pelvic wall)
19
Q

Blood supply to the goads and genitals is provided by which two branches of the aorta

A
  • Internal iliac arteries
  • Ovarian (gonadal arteries)
20
Q

At what level does the gonadal arteries appear

A
  • L2
21
Q

How does the ovarian artery enter the ovaries

A
  • Passes within suspensory ligament then the broad ligament to supply the ovaries
22
Q

What are the respective courses of the left and right gonadal veins

A
  • Left → left renal vein
  • Right → inferior vena cava
23
Q

What is the relation of the uterine artery to the ureters

A
  • Uterine artery crosses over the ureters at the level of the ischial spine, junction of cervix and lateral vaginal fornix
24
Q

What problems can arise to the female reproductive organs in pelvic surgery

A
  • Damage to the ureter and bladder during Caesarean section or hysterectomy
25
Q

Which group of lymph nodes drain the ovaries

A
  • para-aortic group of lymph nodes
  • Largely follows the artery supply and venous drainage of the ovaries
26
Q

Lymphatic drainage of fundus and upper uterine body

A
  • Pre-aortic group of lymph nodes
27
Q

Lymphatic drainage of most of uterine body

A
  • External and internal iliac, obturator, superficial inguinal
28
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the uterine cervix and upper vagina

A
  • Internal iliac LN
  • Sacral LN
29
Q

Lymphatic drainage of lower vagina

A
  • Superficial inguinal LN
30
Q

What are the boundaries of the mammary glands

A
  • Laterally → mid-axillary line
  • Medially → lateral border of sternum
  • Superiorly → second thoracic rib
  • Inferiorly → sixth thoracic rib
31
Q

What structures are related deep to the mammary gland

A
  • Pectoralis major
  • Pectoralis minor
  • Serratus anterior
32
Q

Blood supply to the mamary glands

A
  • Branches of subclavian and axillary arteries
33
Q

What are the main lymph nodes that drain the mammary glands

A
  • Internal mammary
  • Apical/ sub scapular
  • posterior/subscapular
  • Lateral
  • Apical = receives all of the above
34
Q

Which group of lymph nodes receive lymph from the lateral part of the breast tissue

A

Central and pectoral groups

35
Q

Identify the type fo tissue in histology

A
  • Breast tissue
  • Inactive (before pregnancy)

Reproductive (25 decks)

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