Anatomy workbook 1 - introduction Flashcards
1
Q
True pelvis
A
- Also known as greater pelvis
- Supports lower abdominal organs
- Little obstetric value
2
Q
False pelvis
A
- Also known as lesser pelvis
- Inferior to true pelvis
- Contains pelvic cavity and viscera
3
Q
Sacroiliac joint
A
- Diarthrodial joint (synovial)
4
Q
Pubic symphysis
A
- Secondary cartilaginous joint
5
Q
Features of the male pelvis (android)
A
- Thick and heavy bone composition
- Lesser and greater pelvis (tall narrow)
- Pelvic inlet (heart shaped)
- Pelvic outlet (small)
- Acute sub pelvic angle (less than 90°)
- Acetabulum (Close, less flexible, curved)
6
Q
Features of female pelvis
A
- Light and thin bone composition
- Greater and less pelvis (wide and shallow)
- Pelvic inlet (oval)
- Pelvic outlet (large)
- Subpubic angle (greater than 90°)
- Acetabulum (further apart, more flexible and straight)
7
Q
Walls of the pelvic cavity
A
- 2 lateral walls
- Antero-inferior wall
- Posterior wall
8
Q
Muscle making up posterior wall of pelvis
A
Coccygeus muscle
9
Q
Margins of the pelvic inlet
A
- Posterior (sacral promotory)
- Lateral (iliopectineal line)
- Anterior (pubic symphysis)
10
Q
Boundaries of the pelvic inlet
A
- Posterior (sacral promontory)
- Lateral (iliopectineal line)
- Anterior (pubic symphysis
11
Q
Boundaries of the pelvic inlet
A
- Anterior (pubic symphysis)
- Lateral (iliopectineal line)
- Posterior (sacral promontory)
12
Q
Boundaries of the pelvic outlet
A
- Anterior (pubic arch)
- Lateral (ischial tuberosity + sacrotuberous ligaments)
- Posterior (tip of coccyx)
13
Q
Perineal body
A
- fibromuscular structure in midline of perineum
- Anchor point for several structures
14
Q
Anococcygeal body
A
- Fibrous ligament from tip of coccyx to external anal sphincter
15
Q
Separate components of the levator ani muscle
A
- Pubococcygeus
- Illiococcygeus
- Puborectalis
16
Q
Structures that support majority of the pelvic floor
A
- Coccygeus
- Levator ani
17
Q
Functions of the pelvic floor
A
- Basically a diaphragm (like thoracic)
- Support abdomino-pelvic viscera
- Increase intra pelvic/abdominal pressure
- Urinary and faecal continence
18
Q
Innervation of the pelvic floor
A
- Pudendal nerve (S2-4)
- Anterior rami of S4-5 (sacral plexus)
19
Q
Cystocele
A
- Herniation of urinary bladder into vagina
*
20
Q
Rectocele
A
- Herniation of rectum through posterior wall of vagina
21
Q
Function of the mediolateral episiotomy
A
- Controlled tearing of pelvic floor to avoid damage to external anal sphincter
- Speeds delivery time (prevents foetal distress)
21
Q
Function of the mediolateral episiotomy
A
- Controlled tearing of pelvic floor to avoid damage to external anal sphincter
- Speeds delivery time (prevents foetal distress)
22
Q
Long-term complications of childbirth on pelvic floor
A
- Urinary and faecal incontinence
23
Q
Function of the DRE (M and F)
A
- Male (palpate prostate)
- Female (palpate cervix and vagina)
24
Vessel supplying majority of the pelvic organs, perineum and gluteal region
Internal iliac arteries
25
Superior and inferior vesicular arteries
* Supplies bladder, seminal gland and prostate (M)
* Branch of internal iliac artery
26
Uterine artery
* Supplies the round ligament of uterus, ovaries, uterus, cervix and Fallopian tubes
* Branch of internal iliac artery
26
Uterine artery
* Supplies the round ligament of uterus, ovaries, uterus, cervix and Fallopian tubes
* Branch of internal iliac artery
27
Gonadal arteries
* AKA testicular/ ovarian artery
* Supplies testes/ ovaries
* Branch of abdominal aorta
28
Difference in origin of the superior, middle and inferior rectal arteries
* Superior (inferior mesenteric artery)
* Middle and inferior (internal iliac artery)
29
Internal pudendal artery
* Main artery of perineum
* Branch of internal iliac a.
30
Obturator arteries
* Supplies muscles in medial compartment of thigh
* Branch of internal iliac artery
31
Difference in venous drainage of the rectum
* Superior third → superior rectal vein → porto-venous circulation
* Middle and inferior thirds → inferior rectal vein → systemic circulation
32
Which plexus does the prostatic venous plexus communicate with on its posterior side
Internal vertebral venous plexus
33
How does prostate cancer spread
* Rapidly metastasises
* Bone ( vertebral), lungs, liver
34
Ilioinguinal nerve
* L1 origin
* Enters inguinal canal at superficial inguinal ring
* Supplies skin at base of penis and labia
35
Genitofemoral nerve
* L1-2
* Enters at deep inguinal ring
* Supplies upper thigh and anterior scrotum (assists in cremasteric reflex)
36
Pudendal nerve
* S2-4 roots of sacral plexus
* Follows pudendal artery and innervations perineum
37
Clinical significance of the ischial tuberosity
* Palpated tranvaginally
* Located when performing bilateral pudendal nerve block
38
Origin of the sympathetic nervous in the pelvis
* L1-2 via **hypogastric nerve** and distal aspect of the **sympathetic trunk**
* ‘Hitchhike’ arterial supply to reach organs
39
Origin of parasympathetic nervous system in pelvis
* S2-4 of the **pelvic splanchnic nerves**
* Additionally innervates erectile tissues in both male and females
40
After rectal surgery, why are some men unable to ejaculate
* Damage to the autonomic nervous system
41
External iliac lymph nodes drain:
* Pelvic structures
* Anterior and middle pelvic organs
* Inguinal lymph nodes
42
Internal iliac lymph nodes drain:
* Gluteal region
* Deep perineum
* Inferior pelvic viscera
43
Common iliac lymph nodes
* Drains external, internal and sacral lymph nodes
