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Reproductive > Anatomy workbook 1 - introduction > Flashcards

Anatomy workbook 1 - introduction Flashcards

1
Q

True pelvis

A
  • Also known as greater pelvis
  • Supports lower abdominal organs
  • Little obstetric value
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2
Q

False pelvis

A
  • Also known as lesser pelvis
  • Inferior to true pelvis
  • Contains pelvic cavity and viscera
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3
Q

Sacroiliac joint

A
  • Diarthrodial joint (synovial)
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4
Q

Pubic symphysis

A
  • Secondary cartilaginous joint
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5
Q

Features of the male pelvis (android)

A
  • Thick and heavy bone composition
  • Lesser and greater pelvis (tall narrow)
  • Pelvic inlet (heart shaped)
  • Pelvic outlet (small)
  • Acute sub pelvic angle (less than 90°)
  • Acetabulum (Close, less flexible, curved)
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6
Q

Features of female pelvis

A
  • Light and thin bone composition
  • Greater and less pelvis (wide and shallow)
  • Pelvic inlet (oval)
  • Pelvic outlet (large)
  • Subpubic angle (greater than 90°)
  • Acetabulum (further apart, more flexible and straight)
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7
Q

Walls of the pelvic cavity

A
  • 2 lateral walls
  • Antero-inferior wall
  • Posterior wall
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8
Q

Muscle making up posterior wall of pelvis

A

Coccygeus muscle

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9
Q

Margins of the pelvic inlet

A
  • Posterior (sacral promotory)
  • Lateral (iliopectineal line)
  • Anterior (pubic symphysis)
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10
Q

Boundaries of the pelvic inlet

A
  • Posterior (sacral promontory)
  • Lateral (iliopectineal line)
  • Anterior (pubic symphysis
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11
Q

Boundaries of the pelvic inlet

A
  • Anterior (pubic symphysis)
  • Lateral (iliopectineal line)
  • Posterior (sacral promontory)
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12
Q

Boundaries of the pelvic outlet

A
  • Anterior (pubic arch)
  • Lateral (ischial tuberosity + sacrotuberous ligaments)
  • Posterior (tip of coccyx)
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13
Q

Perineal body

A
  • fibromuscular structure in midline of perineum
  • Anchor point for several structures
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14
Q

Anococcygeal body

A
  • Fibrous ligament from tip of coccyx to external anal sphincter
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15
Q

Separate components of the levator ani muscle

A
  • Pubococcygeus
  • Illiococcygeus
  • Puborectalis
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16
Q

Structures that support majority of the pelvic floor

A
  • Coccygeus
  • Levator ani
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17
Q

Functions of the pelvic floor

A
  • Basically a diaphragm (like thoracic)
  • Support abdomino-pelvic viscera
  • Increase intra pelvic/abdominal pressure
  • Urinary and faecal continence
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18
Q

Innervation of the pelvic floor

A
  • Pudendal nerve (S2-4)
  • Anterior rami of S4-5 (sacral plexus)
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19
Q

Cystocele

A
  • Herniation of urinary bladder into vagina
    *
20
Q

Rectocele

A
  • Herniation of rectum through posterior wall of vagina
21
Q

Function of the mediolateral episiotomy

A
  • Controlled tearing of pelvic floor to avoid damage to external anal sphincter
  • Speeds delivery time (prevents foetal distress)
21
Q

Function of the mediolateral episiotomy

A
  • Controlled tearing of pelvic floor to avoid damage to external anal sphincter
  • Speeds delivery time (prevents foetal distress)
22
Q

Long-term complications of childbirth on pelvic floor

A
  • Urinary and faecal incontinence
23
Q

Function of the DRE (M and F)

A
  • Male (palpate prostate)
  • Female (palpate cervix and vagina)
24
Q

Vessel supplying majority of the pelvic organs, perineum and gluteal region

A

Internal iliac arteries

25
Q

Superior and inferior vesicular arteries

A
  • Supplies bladder, seminal gland and prostate (M)
  • Branch of internal iliac artery
26
Q

Uterine artery

A
  • Supplies the round ligament of uterus, ovaries, uterus, cervix and Fallopian tubes
  • Branch of internal iliac artery
26
Q

Uterine artery

A
  • Supplies the round ligament of uterus, ovaries, uterus, cervix and Fallopian tubes
    • Branch of internal iliac artery
27
Q

Gonadal arteries

A
  • AKA testicular/ ovarian artery
  • Supplies testes/ ovaries
  • Branch of abdominal aorta
28
Q

Difference in origin of the superior, middle and inferior rectal arteries

A
  • Superior (inferior mesenteric artery)
  • Middle and inferior (internal iliac artery)
29
Q

Internal pudendal artery

A
  • Main artery of perineum
  • Branch of internal iliac a.
30
Q

Obturator arteries

A
  • Supplies muscles in medial compartment of thigh
  • Branch of internal iliac artery
31
Q

Difference in venous drainage of the rectum

A
  • Superior third → superior rectal vein → porto-venous circulation
  • Middle and inferior thirds → inferior rectal vein → systemic circulation
32
Q

Which plexus does the prostatic venous plexus communicate with on its posterior side

A

Internal vertebral venous plexus

33
Q

How does prostate cancer spread

A
  • Rapidly metastasises
  • Bone ( vertebral), lungs, liver
34
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve

A
  • L1 origin
  • Enters inguinal canal at superficial inguinal ring
  • Supplies skin at base of penis and labia
35
Q

Genitofemoral nerve

A
  • L1-2
  • Enters at deep inguinal ring
  • Supplies upper thigh and anterior scrotum (assists in cremasteric reflex)
36
Q

Pudendal nerve

A
  • S2-4 roots of sacral plexus
  • Follows pudendal artery and innervations perineum
37
Q

Clinical significance of the ischial tuberosity

A
  • Palpated tranvaginally
  • Located when performing bilateral pudendal nerve block
38
Q

Origin of the sympathetic nervous in the pelvis

A
  • L1-2 via hypogastric nerve and distal aspect of the sympathetic trunk
  • ‘Hitchhike’ arterial supply to reach organs
39
Q

Origin of parasympathetic nervous system in pelvis

A
  • S2-4 of the pelvic splanchnic nerves
  • Additionally innervates erectile tissues in both male and females
40
Q

After rectal surgery, why are some men unable to ejaculate

A
  • Damage to the autonomic nervous system
41
Q

External iliac lymph nodes drain:

A
  • Pelvic structures
  • Anterior and middle pelvic organs
  • Inguinal lymph nodes
42
Q

Internal iliac lymph nodes drain:

A
  • Gluteal region
  • Deep perineum
  • Inferior pelvic viscera
43
Q

Common iliac lymph nodes

A
  • Drains external, internal and sacral lymph nodes

Reproductive (25 decks)

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