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Medical Ethics and Law > Female Genital Mutilation > Flashcards

Female Genital Mutilation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Female Genital Mutilation?

A

All procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for cultural or non-medical reasons

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2
Q

What is Female Genital Mutilation sometimes referred to as?

A

Female circumcision

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3
Q

What are the different types of FGM?

A

Clitoridectomy
Excision
Infibulation

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4
Q

What are the different types of FGM?

A

Clitoridectomy
Excision
Infibulation

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5
Q

What is a clitoridectomy?

A

Partial or total removal of the clitoris

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6
Q

What is Excision?

A

Partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora, with or without excision of the labia majora

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7
Q

What is Infibulation?

A

Narrowing of the vaginal opening through the creation of a covering seal

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8
Q

What is Infibulation sometimes referred to as?

A

Pharaonic circumcision

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9
Q

What else can be classed as FGM?

A

All other harmful procedures to the female genitalia for non-medical purposes, e.g. pricking, piercing, incising, scraping and cauterising the genital area

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10
Q

What is de-infibulation?

A

Surgical procedure to open up a closed vagina of FGM type 3

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11
Q

What is Re-infibulation?

A

Re-stitching of FGM type 3 to re-close the vagina again after childbirth

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12
Q

What is the problem with re-infibulation?

A

It is illegal in the UK as it constitutes FGM

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13
Q

How do people justify FGM in some countries?

A

Preservation of virginity and chastity
Religion, in the mistaken belief that it is a religious requirement
To ensure the girl is marriageable or to improve marriage prospect
Hygiene and cleanliness
Increasing sexual pleasure for the male
Enhancing fertility

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14
Q

What are the short term impacts of FGM?

A 
Severe pain and shock 
Infection 
Injury to adjacent tissues 
Immediate fatal haemorrhaging 
Infection by blood borne virus
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15
Q

What are the 2 main long term impacts of FGM?

A

Urinary retention

Difficulty in menstruation

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16
Q

What long term impacts can FGM?

A 
Uterus, vaginal and pelvic infections 
Cysts and neuromas 
Complications in pregnancy and childbirth
Increased risk of fistula
On-going impact of trauma / PTSD
Sexual dysfunction
17
Q

When did FGM become illegal in the UK?

A

1985

Medical Ethics and Law (10 decks)

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