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FCP - Fertility Week > Female Fertility > Flashcards

Female Fertility Flashcards

1
Q

What is oestrus?

A

Time when the female becomes sexually receptive to the male
Vary in lengths and intensity
Timing of ovulation varies between species

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2
Q

Oestrus in the mare

A

4-8 days
Ovulate 1-3 days before end of oestrus
Seasonally polyoestrus (long day breeders)

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3
Q

Oestrus in Cow

A

5-18 hours
Ovulate 12 hours from end of oestrus
Polyoestrus

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4
Q

Oestrus in ewe

A

24-36 hours
Ovulate 30-36 hours from onset of oestrus
Sesonal polyoestrus (short day breeders)

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5
Q

Oestrus in Queen

A

7-10 days
Induced ovulators
Need sufficient stimulation to reach threshold for LH surge to induce ovulation
Seasonal polyoestrus

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6
Q

Oestrus in bitch

A

7-14 days
Variable time of ovulation
Often 2 days after onset of standing oestrus

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7
Q

When does oestrus occur?

A
  • Once a animal has reached sexual maturity - after puberty has been initiated
  • After parturition/lactational anoestrus
  • After seasonal anoestrus

Occurs in latter part of follicular phase
Driven by increasing oestradiol conentrations
* Required prior fall in progesterone
* LH surge occurs prior to ovulation

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8
Q

Considerations in females for optimal time to mate

A
  • Period of pre-ovulatory follicle growth maturation
  • Increasing oestradiol that induces oestrus and LH surge
  • Oocytes in most species are short lived so need to be mated around ovulation
  • Can synchronise ovulation - artificial insemination
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9
Q

Fertilisation Period

A
  • When oocytes are available to be fertilised by sperm
    * Usually immediately after ovulation
  • Within fertile period
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10
Q

Fertile period

A
  • Time when mating could result in pregnancy
  • Longer than fertilisation period - sperm can last within female reproductive tract
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11
Q

Progesterone concentrations in Oestrus cycle

A
  • Decreases during luteolysis which precedes follicular phase
  • Fall indicates that oestrus will occur soon - needs to be low for oestrus
  • In dogs - increase in progesterone indicates lutenisation and therefore ovulation is imminent
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12
Q

Oestradiol concentrations in Oestrus cycle

A
  • Elevated during follicular phase
  • Often similar to oestrus profile
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13
Q

GnRH concentrations in Oestrus cycle

A
  • Surge triggered prior to ovulation - triggers LH surge
  • Short lived
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14
Q

LH concentrations in Oestrus cycle

A
  • LH surge at end of follicular phase triggers ovulation
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15
Q

In what animals can you transrectally ultrasound ovaries?

A

Mare
Cow

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16
Q

What does presence of a CL mean?

A

Ovulation has occurred
Progesterone will be high
Ovulation can no longer occur
In luteal phase

17
Q

What does an antral follicle look like?

A

Black - anechoic (fluid filled)
* Cow - 10mm at least
* Mare - 30-50mm

Likely to be multiple - one will be largest - dominant will ovulate

18
Q

Oestrogen dominated Uterus Tonicity Mare

A

Late follicular phase/ during oestrus
Broad and soft cervix
Uterus is large and oedematous

19
Q

Oestrogen dominated Uterus Tonicity Cow

A

Late follicular phase/ during oestrus
Narrow and tense cervix
Uterus is oedematous with increased tone

20
Q

Progesterone dominated Uterus Tonicity Mare

A

After Ovulation - presence of CL
Hard and narrow cervix
Uterus is smaller with increased tone

21
Q

Progesterone dominated Uterus Tonicity Cow

A

After Ovulation - presence of CL
Flaccid and soft cervix
Flaccid and reduced tone of uterus

22
Q

Anoestrus Canine Vaginal Cytology

A

++ Parabasal cells (look like eggs)
+ Small intermediate epithelial cells
+ Neutrophils

23
Q

Early Proestrus Canine Vaginal Cytology

A

+++ Parabasal cells
+++ Small intermediate epithelial cells
+ Erythrocytes
+ Neutrophils

24
Q

Late Proestrus Canine Vaginal Cytology

A

+ Parabasal cells
++ Small intermediate epithelial cells
++ Large intermediate epithelial cells
++ Keratinised anuclear cells
+++ Erythrocytes

25
Q

Early Oestrus Canine Vaginal Cytology

A

+++ Large intermediate epithelial cells
++++ Keratinised anuclear cells
++ Erythrocytes

26
Q

Late Oestrus Canine Vaginal Cytology

A

+++ Large intermediate epithelial cells
+++ Keratinised anuclear cells
+ Neutrophils

27
Q

Metoestrus Canine Vaginal Cytology

A

+ Small intermediate cells
+++ Neutrophils

FCP - Fertility Week (24 decks)

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