Female 1: Puberty Flashcards
1
Q
Enumerate events that occur in girls in upon reaching puberty
A
- Thelarche: development of breasts
- Menarche: first menstural period
- Adrenarche: Maturation of Zona reticularis –> increase production of adrenal androgens
- Pubarche: due to adrenal maturation, secondary sexual charactaristics start to appear (pubic & axillary hair, adult body odor)
2
Q
Premature adrenarche is associated with ____
A
Ovarian Hyperandrogenism
3
Q
The onset of puberty in females depends on:
A
intermittent pulsitile release of gonatropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from hypothalamus
4
Q
Mechanism of action of GnRH
A
- binds to G protein receptor on Gonadotropic cells of pituitary gland
- Activate PLC (phospholipase C)
5
Q
pattern of release of GnRH from hypothalamus
A
- once every hour
- Lasts 5-25 mins
6
Q
Site of release of GnRH from hypothalamus
A
- Arcute nucleus
- Preoptic nucleus
7
Q
peptide known form stimulating release of GnRH
A
Kisspeptin
8
Q
Factors affecting onset of puperty in females
A
- Genetic predisposition
- Nutritional factors
- Georaphic location (environmental/ light)
- Body composition & fat distribution
9
Q
Precocious puberty in females is divided into:
A
- Pseudoprecocious puberty: early sexual charactaristics without oogenesis
- True precocious pubery: normal but early pattern of gonadotropin secretion
10
Q
Causes of precocious puberty
A
- Hypothalamic tumour/ infection
- Constitual (no reason)
- Gonadotropin independent: mutation of G protein –> increased sensitivity of LH receptors –> normal LH levels before puberty become onsetting of puberty
11
Q
delay of puberty is considered pathological after menarche fails to appear after the age of ___
A
17
12
Q
Causes of pathological delayed or absent puberty in females
A
- Panhypopituitarism (associated with dwarfism & other endocrinal abnormalities)
- Turner syndrome: XO chromosome patients
- Kallmann syndrome: GnRH doesn’t reach hypothalamus, so cant be secreted
