Feline retroviruses and others Flashcards
How many types of FELV are there
FeLV-A, B & C
FeLV Vaccination: Things to tell owners
FeLV vaccines should be used in all cats
Not as effective as other vaccines
Important to test if there is a risk of FeLV exposure
Especially if Multi cat household
Vaccinate as soon as possible after 9 weeks of age
Describe the pattern of FELV infection
Age related resistance- Young cats overrepresented
Multicat FeLV +ve households- All cats exposed to infection
Single cat households- Lower frequency of exposure to FeLV (50%)
Most common disease caused by FELV
Lymphoma
Leukemia
Fibrosarcoma
Immunosuppresion
Anaemia
3 physiological immunity to FELV
FeLV neutralising antibodies
Cytotoxic T cells
NK cells, complement etc.
Diagnosis of FeLV
RIM assay
CITE assay
ELISA
Virus Isolation
Immunofluoresence
FELV tx- Healthy cats
ISOLATE + RETEST IN 12 WEEKS
No practical treatment
FELV tx- In contact cats
Vaccine
FELV tx- Sick cats
Euthanasia
Outline FeLV Control Programme
- Test all cats in household
- Disinfect premises
- Quarantine all neg/pos cats for 12 weeks
- Retest
- Remove positive cats
- If negative, test all new cats
- If more pos, isolate and retest
4 types of FELV vaccines
Inactivated virus- ‘Fevaxyn’
(FeLV-A +/- FeLV-B)
Subunit- ‘Leukocell 2’,
(FeLV-A, B & C)
Recombinant surface protein
‘Leucogen’, ‘Nobivac’, ‘Leucofeligen’
(FeLV-A)
Recombinant viral vector- ‘Purevax’
(FeLV-A)
Features of Lentiviruses like FIV
Genomic variability
Cell to cell transmission
Persistent infections
Long incubation periods
Stages of HIV infection
- PNL- pyrexia, neutrophilia, lymphopenia
- LATENCY- PGL
persistent generalised lymphadenopathy - ARC- AIDS related complex
- AIDS- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Transmission of FIV
Biting
No oro-nasal spread
No lactogenic spread
Little spread in utero
Primary disease associated with FIV
Primary
Increased risk of tumours
Neurological disorders
Lymphadenopathy
Lymphopenia
Pyrexia
Wasting
Secondary disease associated with FIV
Chronic stomatitis/gingivitis ?
Chronic URT infections ?
Chronic diarrhoea ?
Chronic skin diseases e.g.
parasitic - Demodex
fungal - variety
bacterial - mycobacterial
viruses - cowpox
FIV- DX
RIM assay
Antibody ELISA
Immunoblotting
Virus isolation
Treatment of FIV infected cats
Antibiotics
Other specific drugs as indicated
Corticosteroids
Anti-HIV drugs
Euthanasia
Outline FIV Control Programme
- Test all cats in household
- Quarantine negative cats for 12 weeks and disinfect
- Remove and seperate positive cats
- Retest all neg cats after 12 weeks
Is there a vaccine for FIV
Not really, due to virus variation
Is there a vaccine for FELV
Yes multiple types
Prognosis of FIV
Infection of older cats, rarely fatal.
Prognosis of FELV
Disease of young cats, usually fatal.
What are causative agents of feline infectious anemia
Mycoplasma haemominutum (small)
Mycoplasma haemofelis (large)
Describe the anaemia in feline infectious anaemia
Regenerative Anaemia
Feline Infectious Anemia predisposing factors
FeLV, ‘Stress’, Neoplasia
Feline Infectious Anaemia dx
Direct identification is difficult
freshly prepared smears and experience
stain artifacts can look very similar
PCR
Feline infectious anaemia treatment
Tetracyclines (doxycycline) induce a temporary remission
3 weeks minimum
Prednisolone may help if initial response poor
Carrier of feline cowpox
Rodents
Is feline cowpox zoonotic
Yes
The treatment for feline cowpox is steroids (T/F)
False. Avoid giving
