Canine Infectious Diseases Flashcards
How is canine parvovirus transmitted
Fomites
Does Canine parvovirus affect GI tract?
Yes!
Outline canine parvovirus pathogenesis
CPV only grows in rapidly dividing cells like Intestinal epithelium, Lymphoid tissue, Myocardium (young puppies only).
Causes Enteritis
Treatment of enteritis
Isolate
Nursing
Intravenous fluids
Intravenous antibacterials
Anti-emetics
Interferons
What is interferons
Authorised for CPV
A protein released by animal cells, usually in response to the entry of a virus, which has the property of inhibiting virus replication.
CPV dx
Haemagglutination
ELISA / ‘Snap’
PCR
Serology- Haemagglutination
Post- mortem
Outline CPV Vaccinations
Live vaccines very reliable
- Solid immunity – probably lifelong
- Two doses generally sufficient
- Use of live vaccines in pregnant bitches
Older inactivated vaccines better
- Maternal antibody at 12 weeks old
- Third vaccination at 18+ weeks old
What is the most common hepatic infections in dogs
Infectious canine hepatitis (ICH)
Leptospirosis
What is the most common Renal Infections in dogs
Leptospirosis
What is the name of the disease that Canine Adenovirus (CAV-1) causes
Rubarths disease: infectious canine hepatitis: ICH
Respiratory disease
What diseases does Canine Adenovirus (CAV-2) cause
Respiratory disease
Infectious canine hepatitis clinical signs
Pyrexia
Jaundice
Vasculitis
Haemorrhagic effusions
Ascites
DIC
Neurological signs
‘Blue eye’
ICH: Diagnosis
CBC:
Leukopenia (low white blood cell count) in early stages.
Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) in severe cases.
Biochemistry Panel:
Elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP).
Hyperbilirubinemia (elevated bilirubin).
Coagulation profile- Prolonged clotting times
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR):
Serology
PM
Outline CAV vaccination protocols
Attenuated CAV-2 is an efficacious vaccine
Two doses given 2 to 4 weeks apart
Is Leptospirosis zoonotic
Yes!
Source of leptospirosis
Contaminated water
Soil and wet environments
Rats
Outline major difference in L. icterohaemorrhagiae and L. canicola
L. icterohaemorrhagiae often causing severe liver and kidney damage. L. canicola is adapted to dogs as its host, leading to milder, more chronic kidney disease.
Lepto DX
Dark field microscopy of urine sediment
Stained histopath sections and urine sediment (Giemsa, Silver)
Serology (MAT): The Microscopic Agglutination Test detects antibodies against Leptospira; a fourfold rise in titer confirms infection.
ELISA
Lepto Tx
IV fluids +/- blood
Careful disposal of urine
Antibiotics – penicillins, tetracyclines
Nursing
Outline Lepto Vaccination
Inactivated vaccine
Initial Dose: Administered at 8–9 weeks of age.
Booster: Given 2–4 weeks later.
Annual Booster: Recommended for continued protection.
Most common neurological canine infectious disease
Canine Distemper
Where are the sites of primary and secondary replication of canine distemper
Primary replication
Macrophages + lymphoid cells
Secondary replication
Epithelial + neronal tissue
Outline difference in acute and chronic canine distemper
Acute>Chronic
Immunological>Gastrointestinal>Respiratory>Neurological
Signs of CDV
Central vestibular disease
Cerebellar disease
Seizures
Myoclonus - less than 50%
Duration of clinical signs of CDV
Days to a few weeks with residual effects
Chronic relapsing course rare
CDV: Dx
GranulomatousMeningoencephalitis (GME)
Intra-cranial masses
Hepatic encephalopathy
Chronic distemper
Conjunctival smears
Lymph nodes aspirates
Serology
CSF
Outline CDV vaccination
Maternal antibodies uncommon at 12 weeks old
Immunity generally long-lived
Breakdowns relatively common- vaccine damage, early loss of vaccine-induced antibody, early infection
Most common respiratory infection
Kennel Cough
What is the most common cause of kennel cough
Parainfluenza virus
What are two vaccinations that could prevent kennel cough
- Live avirulent vaccine for Parainfluenza virus
- Intranasal live avirulent vaccine for Bordetella
