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Small Animal Optho/Neuro > Feline Neurology > Flashcards

Feline Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What are some components of the feline neuro exam?

A

Mentation
Behavior
Posture
Gait
Cranial Nerves
Postural Reactions
Sensation
Evaluate gate, hopping, wheel barrow, paw placement

1/3 cat don’t have cutaneous trunci so need to pluck single hair not pinch to test this

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2
Q

What percent of cats wont have a menace?

A

1/3

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3
Q

Feline Hyperesthesia Syndrome
Age:
Diagnostic Test Results:
Clinical Signs:
Treatment:

A

Age: 1 yr
Diagnostic Test Results: All normal
Clinical Signs: Tail flicking, head shaking, hallucination, self-mutilate
Treatment: Gabipentin (2/3 patients), clomipramine, amitripramine, Amitriptyline, Phenobarbital, Pred, Meloxicam

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4
Q

Feline Idiopathic Epilepsy
Age:
When:
Signs:
Seizure Characteristics:
Treatment:
Prognosis:

A

Age: <7yr
When: During resting conditions
Signs: Rapid running, erratic, chase and circle
Seizure Characteristics: Not status epilepticus, normal interictal
Treatment: Phenobarbital or Levetiracetam (Keppra)
*Watch for pseudolympoma - stop phenobarbital and it stops
Prognosis: Poor if patient is older, 70% respond to AED, 20% euth and 40% complete remission of seizure

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5
Q

Audiogenic Reflex Seizure
Definition:
Signs:
Breed Predisposition:
Age:
Trigger:
Treatment:

A

Definition: seizure that objectively and consistantly precipitated by enviromental or internal stimuli
Signs: Myoclonic jerk, progress to generalized, noise trigger
Breed Predisposition: Birmans
Age: 10-19yr
Trigger: High pitched noise (glass or foil)
Treatment: Less noise (decrease 75%), Keppra, phenobarbital

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6
Q

Hippocampal Necrosis
Signs:
Diagnosis:
Treatment:

A

Signs: Focal Facial Seizure, Hypersalivation and Aggressiveness
Diagnosis: MRI/Autoantibody titer - see necrosis, inflammatory cells, immune mediated response
Treatment: Phenobarbital, Levetiracetam, Combo, Prednisolone (Refractory to meds)
Worst type of seizure

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7
Q

What are some common CNS infections in cats?

A

FIP, Toxoplasmosis, Cryptococcus, FeLV, FIV, Panleukopenia

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8
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis: What virus must the cat get to have the mutation that causes FIP?

A

Feline Corona Virus

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9
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis: Where does this virus like to replicate?

A

Macrophages resulting in immune mediated vasculitis

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10
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis: It is the most common CNS disease of brain and spinal cord. True/False

A

Ture

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11
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis: Who is commonly effected?

A

Pedigree up to 4 years, breeding colony, rescue center

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12
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis: What are some clinical signs?

A

Anterior chamber hemorrhage and vascular cuffing (Disease of brain - see in eye since it is an extension of the brain.)

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13
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis: How do you diagnose it?

A

MRI - fluid in 3rd ventricle that is swollen/CSF tap

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14
Q

Feline Infectious Peritonitis: Is there a treatment?

A

Yes, it is fatal without it
Antiviral adenosine nucleoside analogue GS

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15
Q

Toxoplasmosis:
Who is the natural host?

A

The cat

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16
Q

Toxoplasmosis:
What stage causes pathology?

A

Bradyzoites make cysts in the brain, spinal cord or skeletal muscles

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17
Q

Toxoplasmosis:
What are some clinical signs?

A

Neurologic and ocular (anterior uveitis)

18
Q

Toxoplasmosis:
How do you diagnose it?

A

Serology +/- PCR

19
Q

Toxoplasmosis:
What is the treatment?

A

Clindamycin or Trimethoprim Sulphonamide with a folic acid supplement

20
Q

Toxoplasmosis:
Prognosis?

A

Good if treated early

21
Q

Cryptococcus:
What type of pathogen is it?

A

Fungus (saprophytic yeast (soil and pigeon feces)

22
Q

Cryptococcus:
Route of transmission?

A

Inhalation

23
Q

Cryptococcus:
Clinical signs?

A

Lethargy, behavioral changes, gait abnormalities, vestibular sign, seizure (Roman Nose), retinal detachment

24
Q

Cryptococcus:
How do you diagnose it?

A

Serology, CSF, Fungal culture

25
Q

Cryptococcus:
Treatment?

A

Fluconazole, Prednisone, amphotericin B and Flucytosine

26
Q

What are some viral feline infecitons?

A

FeLV, FIV (neurotopic, see perivascular cuffing and glial nodules, alter sleep pattern, CNS change), FPV, feline parvo

27
Q

What is Feline Parvo Virus (panleukemia)?

A

Cerebellar hypoplasia, in utero infection, perinatal infection, vaccination of a pregnant queen with live FPV, non-progressive disorder, no inflammatory change in brain, forebrain lesion, retinal damage

Prognosis: happy life

28
Q

What are clinical signs of Feline Ischemic Encephalopathy?

A

Acute Blindness - central, good PLR

29
Q

What do they think is the cause of FIE?

A

Cuterebra migration

30
Q

What can you see on the histology of a cat with FIR?

A

Line of destruction of tissue

31
Q

What is the treatment for FIE?

A

Ivermectin, prednisone, diphenhydramine

32
Q

When is FIE commonly seen?

A

Aug, July, Sept

33
Q

What is global cerebral Ischemia? Clinical signs? Prognosis? Hx?

A

Jaw completely open and ecludes
Signs: Blind, seizure, obtunded, seizure
Prognosis: poor
Maxiallry artery blocked to brain
Dental? not reversible, hypokalemia, hypothyroid

34
Q

What artery is occluded in Global Cerebral Ischemia?

A

Maxillary

35
Q

What causes Cervical Ventroflexion?

A

No nuchal ligament - diffuse weakness
Hypokalemia = renal disease - stone
Treat with ammonium chloride
Thiamine Deficiency, Myasthenia gravis, hyperthyroidism, hepatic encephalopathy

36
Q

Which type of cancer is most common in cats?

A

Meningioma

37
Q

How progressive is meningioma?

A

Very - dont know until bad (22-38 from signs to diagnosis)- seizures

38
Q

What is the median survival time with medical therapy?

A

18 days

39
Q

What are clinical signs of a meningioma?

A

Behavior change, seizures, ataxia, visual impairments

40
Q

Where does lymphosarcoma like to localize to?

A

Spinal cord and brain
(bone marrow, kidney, liver, spleen, lymph nodes)

Small Animal Optho/Neuro (13 decks)

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