Cerebellar Disease Flashcards
What part of the brain is affected with cerebellar disease?
cerebellum, white and grey matter, 3 nuclei, vermis, lateral hemispheres
What are the layers of the cerebellum?
White matter, granular layer, purkenju layer and molecular layer
What does the cerebellum do?
Fine tunes movement
Takes info from the spinal cord (motor commands) and coordinates it (mostly inhibitory)
What are clinical signs of cerebellar disease?
Intention Tremor
Hypermetria
Increased Muscle Tone
Titubation
Vestibular Signs
What is an intention tremor versus a whole body tremor?
Intention is when the animal tried to focus and one part of the body tremor
Full body is all of the animal is shaking (can be mistaken for toxicity pyrethrin)
What is hypermetria?
Over flexion and extension
What is decerebellate rigidity?
Extended front and bent hind limbs
What is incoordination versus titubation?
Incoordination: exaggerated movement
Titubation: head rock side to side
What is paradoxical vestibular disease?
Mentation:
Posture:
Gait:
Postural Deficit:
CN:
Nystagmus:
Signs: ataxia that falls toward the lesion, decreased postural, head tilt opposite side lesion, hypermetria
Mentation: Normal to coma
Posture: Head tilt contralateral
Gait: vestibular ataxia, paretic, cerebellar ataxia
Postural Deficit: ipsilateral
CN: V-VII
Nystagmus: Any direction (vertical)
What are some common etiologies of cerebellar disease?
Abiotrophies, chiari malformation, viral, glioma, meningima, idopathic cerebellitis, distimper, FIP, metranidazole, infarction
What is cerebellar cortical abiiotrophy?
Breed predisposition?
Diagnosis?
Is there a treatment?
Born normal and over time degeneration of neuronal cells (see white outline around cerebellum)
American Staffordshire Terriers (4-6yrs)
MRI
No treatment
Prognosis : 2-4 yrs, progress to inability to walk
What is a chiari-like malformation?
Breed Predisposition
Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
AKA: Occipital malformation syndrome
When the cerebellum tries to herniate through the back of the foramen magnum, may have a keyhole malformation, may kink medulla and disrupt CSF flow
Breed: Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
Signs: pain, phantom scratch, ataxia and weakness
See on MRI, see spinal fluid
Treatment: Gabapentin, prednisone, foramen magnum decompression
What causes cerebellar hypoplasia?
Signs:
Agent:
Prognosis:
Treatment:
Signs: Hypometria, non-progressive, symmetric ataxia, ambulation when noticed (young) , compensate with time
Causative agent: Feline perinata infection with panleukopenia virus
Prognosis: Good quality of life
No treatment needed
Describe k9 herpes virus:
When infected?
organs effected?
Prognosis?
Perinatal infection
Signs 2 weeks of life, high fatality rate, cerebellar signs suspicious
Effects: lung, kidney and liver
Survivors retinal dysplasia
Canine Distemper:
Age:
Younger have polio- seizure and rare to survive
brainstem, cerebellar, vestibualar
Sings: respiratory, vestibular and hyperketosis
Adult myoclonus
