Feline Infectious Peritonitis Flashcards
What type of virus family does this belong to
Coronaviridae, which is enveloped and ss RNA that infects tons of animals. High mutation rate
What type of coronavirus is this
Alpha
Where does the virus enter
Enterocytes, in which it blunts the epithelium (causes electrolyte reabsorption problems and diarrhea)
How is FeCoV spread?
Fecal-oral
How prevalent is FeCov and how immune resistant?
Very; 30% cats are chronic shedders. Immunity is short so reinfection is possible
How does this relate to dog coronaviruses?
The type 1 has mild enteritis and type 2 has mild respiratory signs
What are the serotypes of FeCov?
1: predominant in the field; 2: recombination with other groups
What biotypes are there for coronavirus?
Feline enteric coronavirus and FIP
How prevalent is FIP?
Very; leading infectious cause of death among young cats, more in cats 4-16 months; 1 in 100 or 200 develop this if they are under 2 years of age
What are the types of FIP?
Wet or effusive (most cases, death within weeks) and dry or non effusive (1/4, death within weeks or months)
Which type of FIP is the worst?
BOTH; ARE ALMOST 100% FATAL
What is the pathogenesis between FeCov and FIP?
FeCov undergoes a tropism change when moves from enterocytes to macrophages; second step is an impaired host immune response where the cell mediated immunity decreases; third step is when it is now known as FIP
How is immunity important?
Based on cell-mediated; if there is no response and only a humoral one then it becomes wet and if you have a strong humoral response with a weak cell mediated immunity the form will be dry.
What happens after the cat is infected?
Cytokines are released from activated macrophages and stimulate T cell apoptosis, which leads to a lymphopenia and a weaker response, helping the virus proliferate more
What is the FIP pathogenesis characterized by?
Granulomatous vasculitis and pyo or granulomatous lesions in the organs
What does granulomatous vasculitis entail?
Infection of monocytes leads to a triggering of inflammatory cells, forming aggregates and it effuses into the body cavity
What does pyogranulomatous lesions entail?
Kidney, omentum, mesenteric lymph nodes are the most affected
What do clinical signs depend on?
What organs are involved and the immune status of the cat
What is a sign you might see in the wet form?
Hydrothorax
Are there any neuro signs? What form?
Yes, in the dry form and 30% of cats get it. Pyogranulomatous infiltrates lead to a meningitis. This can lead to abnormal behaviour, seizures, personality changes, head tilt
What are common ocular signs?
Keratic precipitates, uveitis, and iris change.
What are the ocular signs associated with?
Dry form, about 68% of cats, most frequent cause of uveitis in cats
What happens in the diagnosis of FIP?
Pretty much death, there are no specific signs or virus detection for this so it is identified post-mortem. You HAVE TO EXCLUDE OTHER DISEASES
Which cats are usually affected?
4-36 month old cats, with higher incidence in multi cat households, can see ocular/neuro/other signds
