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Virology > Alphaviruses > Flashcards

Alphaviruses Flashcards

1
Q

What family is this a part of?

A

Togaviridae: enveloped, arboviruses (arthropod borne)

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2
Q

What are the most important reservoirs?

A

EEEV: birds, WEEV: birds, rabbits, snakes. VEEV: cotton rat and rodents

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3
Q

Is EEEV a health concern?

A

Yes, 30-75% mortality in humans

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4
Q

What are dead end hosts for EEEV?

A

Horses and humans-low levels of viremia

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5
Q

Is WEEV ahealth concern?

A

Yes but much lower

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6
Q

What are dead end hosts for WEEV?

A

horses and humans

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7
Q

What is important to remember about VEEV?

A

Reportable disease that has not been in united states for 35 years

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8
Q

Is VEEV a health concern?

A

Yes; humans are 10-35% mortality.

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9
Q

What are reservoirs of VEEV?

A

Horses and humans-amplify the virus and are not dead end hosts.

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10
Q

How should you treat cases?

A

As if they were as transmissable as VEEV and as virulent as EEEV. Cannot distinguish unless tested in lab

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11
Q

West Nile Virus

A

Part of flavivirus: enveloped, passerine birds are reservoir. Introduced in 1999, more than 25k cases, leading cause of encephalitis arbovirus in horses and humans

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12
Q

What birds get fatally infected with WNV?

A

crows

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13
Q

What are dead end hosts for WNV?

A

horses and humans; alligators amplify

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14
Q

What are the signs of encephalitis?

A

Fever, subclinical. EEEV and VEEV most dangerous. Death within 2-3 days of onset. Spinal cord disease in more than 90% of cases, fine and coarse tremors of head and neck. Cranial nerve deficits, facial edema, trauma.

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15
Q

What happens in necropsy?

A

Wear PPE due to risk of human exposure. Can see meningoencephalitis with this.

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16
Q

Diagnosis and treatment?

A

IgM capture ELISA for serology. test for rabies in all with encephalitis. Poor prognosis if showing clinical signs. Up to 90% mortality in EEEV, 75% in VEEV, 50% in WEEV, 45% WNV. If recover, have neuro signs

17
Q

Prevention

A

Core vaccine for EEEV, WEEV, WNV. Two vx and booster once a year or more if in enzootic area. REPORTABLE, reduce exposure to insect vectors.

Virology (14 decks)

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