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Feline Dermatoses Flashcards

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1
Q

What is preauricular alopecia? What is the significance?

A
  • Alopecia that is normal and located in the preauricular area in cats
  • Very noticeable in black cats
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2
Q

Describe the appearance and distribution of lentigines?

A
  • Pigmented macules or patches on orange cats due to increased melanocytes and melanin
  • Nasal planum, eyelids, lips, gingiva, pinnae
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3
Q

Significance of lentigines?

A
  • Coalesce and increase with age

- Benign!

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4
Q

How common are feline dermatoses relative to canine?

A
  • Less common
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5
Q

How common is true folliculitis (pyoderma) and secondary infections (yeast dermatitis) in cats?

A
  • Less common
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6
Q

Are historical details and location of pruritus as consistent with felines?

A
  • No
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7
Q

What are reaction patterns?

A
  • Reactions that commonly develop secondary to an antigenic stimulus from either allergies or ectoparasites
  • Can also be seen with infectious caues such as ringworm though
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8
Q

What is the systematic diagnostic approach to cats?

A
  • FeLV/FIV status
  • Rule out dermatophytes
  • Rule out flea allergy, etc.
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9
Q

How do cats manifest pruritus?

A
  • Scratching
  • Biting
  • Excessive grooming (hairballs)
  • Hypotrichosis
  • Alopecia
  • Hiding
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10
Q

What virus can be associated with intense pruritus?

A
  • Herpes
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11
Q

What should you check with a non-healing wound in a cat?

A

FeLV/FIV status

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12
Q

What are three feline reaction patterns you should absolutely know?

A
  • Miliary dermatitis
  • Alopecia
  • Eosinophilic granuloma complex
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13
Q

Describe miliary dermatitis

A
  • Small, multifocal crusts
  • Crusted papular eruption
  • Can be focal or generalized
  • Can feel with palpation
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14
Q

Differentials for miliary dermatitis

A
  • Allergies (flea, food, atopy, insect)
  • Ectoparasites (Notoedres, Cheyletiella, D. gatoi)
  • Infectious (Dermatophyte, Pyoderma, Malassezia)
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15
Q

Alopecia appearance with cats

A
  • Bald belly but often no skin lesions
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16
Q

What diagnostic test should you do with “bald belly” in a cat, and what is it telling you?

A
  • Trichogram to determine if hair is falling out or being removed
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17
Q

Dfdx for “bald belly” or alopecia

A
  • Allergy (flea, food, atopy)
  • Ectoparasites (Cheyletiella, D. gatoi)
  • Infectious (dermatophyte)
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18
Q

What is an eosinophilic granuloma complex?

A
  • Eosinophilic infiltrate
  • Antigenic stimuli
  • Hypersensitivity reaction
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19
Q

What are common underlying causes for eosinophilic granuloma complex (since it’s NOT a diagnosis)?

A
  • Allergies, hypersensitivities, and ectoparasites are common underlying causes
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20
Q

What are the three syndromes associated with eosinophilic granuloma complex?

A
  • Indolent ulcer
  • Eosinophilic plaque
  • Eosinophilic granuloma
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21
Q

Describe an eosinophilic plaque?

A
  • Alopecic
  • Erythematous raised plaques, erosions, or ulceration**
  • Pruritic
  • Abdomen and thighs
  • often moist and oozing
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22
Q

Describe an indolent ulcer

A
  • Rodent ulcer
  • Upper lip
  • Unilateral or bilateral
  • Non-painful
  • Can become disfiguring
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23
Q

What are four types of eosinophilic granulomas

A
  • Linear granuloma
  • Oral granuloma
  • Interdigital granuloma
  • Pouty lip or fat chin syndrome
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24
Q

Location of eosinophilic granulomas?

A
  • Caudal aspect of rear legs, chin, axilla
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25
Q

Clinical signs of most eosinophilic granulomas?

A
  • Usually asymptomatic
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26
Q

Describe linear granulomas (appearance, location, pruritic or not)?

A
  • Linear conformation
  • Yellow or pink nodules
  • Caudal thighs, chin, axilla
  • Not pruritic
  • Discovered incidentally
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27
Q

Describe oral granuloma appearance, and where do they show up?***

A
  • Hard or soft palate
  • Tongue
  • Nodular looking thing
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28
Q

Describe interdigital granuloma

A
  • Can be asymptomatic or clinical

- Nodular or ulcerative masses in-between the digits

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29
Q

Rule outs for feline allergy?

A
  • Flea
  • Food
  • Atopy
  • Insect
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30
Q

What is the most common allergy in cats?

A
  • Flea allergy
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31
Q

Seasonality of flea allergy in cats?

A
  • Can be seasonal or non-seasonal
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32
Q

Clinical signs of FAD?

A
  • Any eosinophilic granuloma complex lesions
  • Itching
  • OVergrooming
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33
Q

Which flea causes FAD in cats?

A
  • Ctenocephalides felis
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34
Q

Can flea allergy happen even if:

Cat is indoor or outdoor?
No fleas seen?
Flea control?

A
  • YeS
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35
Q

Pathogenesis of FAD

A
  • Antigen in saliva
  • Type I and IV
  • Hypersensitivities
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36
Q

Diagnosis of flea allergies in cats

A
  • Flea comb may or may not be helpful (negative doesn’t rule it out)
  • Fecal (tapeworms support)
  • Response to therapy (treat secondary infections; capstar trial every other day for 30 days; or bravecto)
  • Rule it out in every pruritic cat
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37
Q

Treatment for flea allergy

A
  • Strict, year-round flea control
  • Topical adulticide (Bravecto or Revolution)
  • Flea control for all in-contact animals (Revolution)
  • +/- treat environment (Lufenuron; environmental treatment)
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38
Q

What is the second most common allergy in cats?

A
  • Food allergy
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39
Q

Reaction patterns possible with food allergy

A
  • Any
  • Any eosinophilic granuloma complex lesions
  • Recurring otitis
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40
Q

Seasonality of food allergy in cats

A
  • Non-seasonal
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41
Q

Age of cat with food allergy

A
  • Often <1 year
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42
Q

Distribution of pruritus in cats with Food allergy

A
  • Head and neck pruritus common
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43
Q

Concurrent signs with food allergy in cats

A
  • 10-30% have concurrent GI signs
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44
Q

Which proteins are cats allergic to most commonly?

A
  • Chicken
  • Beef
  • Dairy
  • Fish
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45
Q

Pathogenesis of food allergy in cats

A
  • Largely unknown

- Allergen in most cases is a protein

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46
Q

Diagnosis of food allergy in cats

A
  • Food trial (novel protein vs hydrolyzed diet)
  • 6-8 week minimum
  • STRICT
  • At the end, challenge with original diet
  • Treat with any secondary infections
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47
Q

Serum allergy tests for food allergy

A
  • Not reliable
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48
Q

Which diets are appropriate for a food trial?

A
  • RC rabbit
  • RC ultamino
  • RC HP
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49
Q

Seasonality of feline atopy

A
  • Seasonal or non-seasonal pruritus
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50
Q

Reaction patterns possible with feline atopy

A
  • Any reaction pattern

- Any eosinophilic granuloma complex lesiosn can be seen

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51
Q

Pathogenesis of atopy in cats

A
  • Inhaled and cutaneously absorbed allergens

- Type I hypersensitivity

52
Q

How to diagnose atopy in cats?

A
  • Rule out flea and food allergies first (Bravecto or Revolution or advantage multi every 2 weeks for 3 consecutive treatments)
  • treat for ectoparasites
  • Diagnose infections
  • Atopica trial
53
Q

Treatment for atopy

A
  • Antihistamiens
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Atopica
  • Allergy specific immunotherapy
  • Bathing?
  • Free fatty acids?
54
Q

Antihistamines for cats with Atopy

A
  • Chlorpheniramine (mediocre)
  • Amitriptyline (also psychotropic)
  • Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
55
Q

Atopica trial for cats with atopy

A
  • Cyclosporine

- Approved for use in cats

56
Q

What needs to be done before atopica trial in cats?

A
  • Baseline bloodwork
  • FeLV/FIV
  • Dermatophyte culture!
57
Q

Steroids for atopy in cats

A
  • Prednisolone EVERY other day

- maybe more effective in ats?

58
Q

Which insect is most responsible for insect hypersensitivity?

A
  • Mosquitoes
59
Q

Lesions associated with insect hypersensitivity

A
  • Papules, pustules, crusts
60
Q

WHere are lesions associated with insect hypersensitivity?

A
  • Bridge of the nose, outer pinnae, footpads
61
Q

Pruritus associated with insect hypersensitivity?

A
  • Mild to severe pruritus
62
Q

Diagnosis of insect hypersensitivity

A
  • CLinical signs

- Outdoors at dusk

63
Q

Therapy for insect hypersensitivity

A
  • Indoor only
  • Restrict access to outdoors at dusk
  • Insect control
  • Steroids
64
Q

What should you do with pruritic ectoparasites?

A
  • Always consider

- Always rule out

65
Q

Appearance of Notoedric mange in cats

A
  • Rare with endemic foci
  • Pruritus of head and neck
  • Crusting of head, ears, feet, perineum
66
Q

How to diagnose Notoedres in cats?

A
  • Superficial scrape
67
Q

Notoedres cati characteristics: Contagious or not? Zoonotic or not?

A
  • Contagious AND zoonotic
68
Q

Etiology and appearance of Cheyletiellosis

A
  • Cheyletiella blakei
  • Large saddle-shaped with ACCESSORY MOUTH PARTS
  • Walking Dandruff
69
Q

How common is Cheyletiella?

A
  • Not common anymore
70
Q

Is Cheyletiella contagious? Zoonotic?

A
  • Contagious and zoonotic
71
Q

Treatment of Notoedres

A
  • Treat all in-contact animals
  • Bravecto
  • REvolution/Advantage Multi every 2 weeks for 3 consecutive treatments
  • Lime sulfur
  • Ivermectin
72
Q

Cheyletiella clinical signs

A
  • Scale along the dorsum
  • miliary dermatitis
  • ALopecia (symmetrical)
  • Pruritus
  • Asymptomatic carriers are possible too
73
Q

Diagnosis of Cheyletiella

A
  • Not always easy
  • SUperficial skin scrape
  • Acetate tape prep
  • Fecal
  • Flea comb
  • vacuum technique (hook up to a vacuum and collect)
  • Response to treatment***
74
Q

Treatment of Cheyletiella

A
  • All in-contact animals
  • This mite is easy to treat
  • Frontline works
  • Bravecto
  • Revolution
  • Advantage Multi
  • Lime sulfur dips
75
Q

Demodex gatoi

A
  • Refer to notes on feline demodicosis

- Lime sulfur or bravecto?

76
Q

Infectious causes of pruritus

A
  • Dermatophytosis and Pyoderma
77
Q

What must you rule out before using medications like steroids or atopica?

A
  • Need to know if the cat has dermatophytosis

- Refer to notes

78
Q

What are common underlying causes of pyoderma?

A
  • True bacterial folliculitis is uncommon as compared to dogs
  • Secondary infection to underlying allergies or ectoparasites
  • Treat/address the same as in dogs
79
Q

How common is psychogenic alopecia?

A
  • Very uncommon

- Most (>80%) have above causes

80
Q

Which breeds are overrepresented with psychogenic alopecia?

A
  • Asian breeds overrepresented
81
Q

Clinical signs of psychogenic alopecia?

A
  • alopecia but no lesions
82
Q

How to diagnose psychogenic alopecia?

A
  • Diagnosis of exclusion by ruling out other potential causes of alopecia
83
Q

Treatment of psychogenic alopecia

A
  • Identify and eliminate possible stressors
  • Psychotropic medications
  • Amitriptyiline
84
Q

Otodectes etiology

A
  • Otodectes cynotis
85
Q

Common clinical signs of otodectes?

A
  • Otitis

- Pruritic dermatitis of the head and neck

86
Q

Treatment for superficial mites (Notoedres, Cheyletiella, Otodectes)?

A
  • Bravecto
  • Revolution
  • Advantage Multi
  • Ivermectin
  • Lime sulfur dips
87
Q

Where does D. gatoi live?

A
  • Stratum corneum
88
Q

Appearance of D. gatoi

A
  • Short, fat bodied mite
89
Q

Is D. gatoi contagious?

A
  • Yes
90
Q

Diagnosis of D. gatoi

A
  • Broad superficial scrapes (tough to find; between shouldre blades; scrape in contact animals)
  • fecal
91
Q

Treatment trial for D. gatoi

A
  • Lime sulfur dip
  • At least 6 dips
  • All in contact animals if improvement is seen
92
Q

Other differentials for cats with skin lesions

A
  • Dermatophytosis
  • Autoimmune
  • Neoplasia
  • Paraneoplastic
  • Psychogenic
93
Q

Which species of dermatophyte is most common in cats?

A
  • Microsporum canis
94
Q

Reaction pattern seen with M. canis?

A
  • Miliary dermatitis
95
Q

How to diagnose pyoderma and malassezia in cats?

A
  • Cytology
96
Q

Treatment for pyoderma in cats

A
  • Topicals
  • Oral abx like cephalosporins
  • Injectable Convenia
97
Q

Treatment for Malassezia in cats

A
  • Topicals

- Oral antifungals (fluconazole, terbinafine)

98
Q

Treatment of psychogenic alopecia

A
  • Identify and limit stress

- Behavior modifying drugs

99
Q

Diagnostic approach to pruritic cat: Step 1

A
  • Derm data base for EVERY case
  • Fungal culture (+treat for dermatophyte)
  • SKin scrape (+ treat for mites)
  • SKin cytology (bacteria or yeast treat secondary infections; eosinophils work up for allergy)
100
Q

Diagnostic approach to pruritic cat: Step 2

A
  • Rule out FAD and ectoparasites
  • Strict flea control (Bravecto; Revolution/Advantage Multi trial every 2 weeks for three treatments)
  • Treat the itch (steroids, antihistamines)
101
Q

Diagnostic approach to pruritic cat: Step 3

A
  • Food trial
  • Atopica trial
  • Lime sulfur dip trial
102
Q

Step 4: if no response to food trial

A

Long term steroids?
Atopica?
Allergy desensitization therapy?
Lime sulfur trial to rule out demodex gatoi?

103
Q

If response to Atopica?

A
  • Continue long-term and reduce to every other day
  • Monitor bloodwork every 6-12 months to ensure drug safety
  • Consider allergy desensitization therapy (allergy shots?)
104
Q

Anti-inflammatory doses of prednisolone in the dog?

A
  • 0.5-1 mg/kg/day
105
Q

Immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone in the dog

A
  • 2 mg/kg/day
106
Q

Dexamethasone doses

A
  • I think you divide by 10
107
Q

Short acting steroids for cats

A
  • Prednisolone (goal is taper to every other day)

- Dexamethasone (taper to 2x a week)

108
Q

Long acting steroids - use?

A
  • Try to avoid
  • Depomedrol every 3 months
  • Triamcinolone acetonide give every 3 months
109
Q

What do you need before starting steroids?

A
  • Basic bloodwork
  • FeLV/FIV
  • Dermatophyte culture
  • Auscult chest?
110
Q

Serious side effects of glucorticoids?

A
  • Skin fragility syndrome
  • Medial curling of Pinnae (depomedrol)
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Diabetes mellitus
111
Q

Do cats tend to get primary or secondary scaling?

A
  • Secondary much more common
112
Q

Is dry or greasy seborrhea more common in cats?

A
  • Cats tend to get seborrhea sicca
113
Q

What is most common cause of scaling?

A
  • Secondary to miliary dermatitis
114
Q

Dfdx for miliary dermatitis

A
  • Flea allergy
  • Others
  • Dermatophytosis
  • Cheyletiellosis
  • Pyoderma
  • Pemphigus foliaceus
115
Q

other secondary causes of scaling

A
  • Fleas
  • Cheyletiellosis
  • Demodicosis
  • Pediculosis
116
Q

Endocrine causes of scaling

A
  • Hyperthyroidism

- Diabetes mellitus

117
Q

What is feline acne?

A
  • Focal primary follicular keratinization disorder

- Idiopathic

118
Q

Clinical signs of feline acne

A
  • Comedones
  • Papules, pustules
  • Crusting
  • Nodules
119
Q

Diagnosis of feline acne

A
  • Derm database
  • Scrape
  • Cytology
  • +/- culture and sensitivity
120
Q

Treatment of feline acne

A
  • Treat any complicating factors like bacteria (mupirocin and oral antibiotics)
  • Symptomatic therapy for underlying keratinization disorder (Keratolytic/keratoplastic like benzoyl peroxide)
121
Q

How common is plasma cell pododermatitis?

A
  • NOt at all

- Rare

122
Q

Clinical signs of plasma cell pododermatitis?

A
  • Soft painless swelling of metacarpal/tarsal footpads
  • White cross-hatches
  • +/- ulcerate
123
Q

Causes of plasma cell pododermatitis

A
  • Unknown
  • Maybe immune-mediated?
  • ~50% are FIV positive
124
Q

Treatment of plasma cell pododermatitis?

A
  • Spontaneous regression
  • Doxycycline
  • Immunosupression
  • Food trial
  • Change in kitty litter?
  • Surgery
125
Q

Diagnosis of idiopathic seborrhea

A
  • Cytology and biopsy
126
Q

Treatment of seborrhea

A
  • Difficult to manage

- SYmptomatic therapy

Dermatology (15 decks)

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