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Dermatology > Equine dermatology > Flashcards

Equine dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What should you think of with older horses with derm disease?

A
  • PPID
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2
Q

What should you think with Quarter Horses with skin disease?

A
  • HERDA
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3
Q

History questions for equine dermatology

A
  • Chronicity
  • Initial distribution (where did it start?)
  • Pruritic
  • Treatments
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4
Q

Things to screen for during physical exam of horses with skin issues?

A
  • Systemic diseases
  • Nutritional imbalances
  • Dermatological exam
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5
Q

Example history and PE of a horse with dermatophilosis

A
  • 6 yo QH mare
  • Winter
  • Crusts and alopecia - clumps of hair like a paintbrush
  • Very painful
  • Starts on the dorsum
  • Alopecic and non-pruritic
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6
Q

Dfdx for generalized exfoliation and crusts

A
  • Dermatophilosis
  • Dermatophytosis
  • Contact dermatitis
  • Bacterial infections (NOT COMMON)
  • Immunologic
  • Nutritional
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7
Q

Etiology of dermatophilosis

A
  • Dermatophilus congolensis
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8
Q

Dermatophytosis etiology

A
  • Trichophyton equinum or mentagrophytes

- Microsporum gypseum or canis

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9
Q

Which bacteria are most commonly responsible for bacterial infections?

A
  • Staphylococcus
  • Corynebacterium
  • Streptococcus
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10
Q

Which immunologic diseases cause dermatologic conditions in the horse?

A
  • Pemphigus foliaceus
  • Equine eosinophilic dermatitis
  • Stomatitis Sarcoidis
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11
Q

Which nutritional imbalances can lead to dermatologic conditions?

A
  • Zn
  • Iodine
  • Protein
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12
Q

First step for a scaling/crusting disease?

What are you testing for?

A
  • Saline mince prep of crust to test for dermatophilosis

- Stain with Diff quick

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13
Q

Second step for a scaling/crusting disease if the saline mince prep is negative?

A
  • Fungal culture for dermatophytosis
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14
Q

Third step for a scaling/crusting disease if the saline mince prep and fungal culture are both negative?

A
  • Biopsy and histopathology

- Testing for pemphigus foliaceus, bacterial folliculitis, granulomatous disease, others

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15
Q

What if all the ttests are negative?

A
  • Recheck diagnosis and repeat tests
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16
Q

Locations of lesions in dermatophilosis

A
  • Black, gluteal area, face, neck
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17
Q

Lesions with dermatophilosis

A
  • Crusted, moist mats
  • Paintbrushes
  • Under the crust is a yellowish exudate
  • Painful
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18
Q

Other clinical signs seen with dermatophilosis

A
  • Fever
  • Lethargy
  • Anorexia
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19
Q

DIagnosis of dermatophilosis

A
  • Crust mince
  • Diff quick or gram stain: Gram positive
  • Railroad tracks
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20
Q

Treatment for dermatophilosis

A
  • Soak and remove crusts (PAINFUL)
  • May need NSAIDs
  • If severe cases, use antibiotics
21
Q

What type of scrub do you use to remove dermatophilus crusts?

A
  • Chlorhexidine scrub (2%)
  • Benzoyl peroxide shampoo
  • Once a day for a week
  • 2 weeks until resolution
22
Q

Case history and signs with an allergic reaction?

A
  • Shortly after arrival had a “reaction”
  • Not pruritic
  • Not painful to palpation
  • Urticaria
23
Q

Urticaria clinical signs

Pruritic?

A
  • Wheals and edema

- Variable pruritus

24
Q

Antigens for urticaria

A
  • Hard to identify
25
Q

Treatment for urticaria

A
  • Hard to identify
  • Remove the cause if possible for 2-3 days
  • corticosteroids
  • Antihistamines (don’t help much)
26
Q

How long can it take for urticaria to go away?

A
  • It can take 2-3 days
27
Q

Typical signalment and history for hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA)

A
  • 3 year old QH gelding
  • Healthy
  • Cutting
  • Beginning work under the saddle
  • Moderate to severe skin lacerations
28
Q

WHo gets hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia?

A
  • Quarter Horses from Cutting lines
29
Q

Inheritance pattern for hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia?

A
  • Autosomal recessives

- Both parents must be carriers

30
Q

Testing for hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia?

Sample type?

A
  • Genetic tests available
  • Carrier vs affected
  • Hair with roots
31
Q

What is the underlying disease with hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia?

A
  • Collagen defect (hyperextensible skin mostly on the dorsum)
32
Q

When does hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia usually become apparent?

A
  • Often when they go to saddle the horse
33
Q

Diagnosis of hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia?

A
  • Clinical signs
  • Breed (QH)
  • Biopsy
  • DNA
34
Q

Treatment for hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia?

A
  • Nothing

- Often have to be put down

35
Q

What are the four big categories for pruritic dermatoses

A
  • Parasites
  • Allergies
  • Bacterial folliculitis
  • Fungal infections
36
Q

WHat is the most common cause of pruritic dermatosis in horses?

A
  • Insect bite hypersensitivity
37
Q

Parasites that can affect horses

A
  • Lice
  • Mites (draft horses)
  • Ticks (uncommon here)
  • Onchocerca
  • Habronema
  • Pinworms
38
Q

When do most horses tend to get pinworms?

A
  • During pregnancy
39
Q

Insect-bite hypersensitivity time course

A
  • Chronic and recurrent

- Often seasonal

40
Q

Most common etiology of insect bite hypersensitivity

A
  • Culicoides
41
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is associated with Culicoides?

  • Cell type involved and cytokine involved?
A
  • Types I and IV hypersensitivity
  • Eosinophils
  • IL-5
42
Q

Complications of insect-bite hypersensitivity

A
  • Secondary infections
43
Q

Diagnosis of insect bite hypersensitivity

A
  • Serology not useful
  • Intardermal testing has false positives
  • CLinical signs and seasonality
  • Response to management
44
Q

Management for IBH

A
  • Stable mid afternoon to mid-morning
  • Screens and fans
  • Fly sheets and fly masks
  • Environment (fly predators, traps, sanitation)
  • Long acting repellents (don’t work for her)
  • Sheet blankets + repellent
  • Zebra coats may help
45
Q

What topicals for IBH?

A
  • 2% permethrin

- Cypermethrin

46
Q

Medications to decrease pruritus in horses?

A
  • Corticosteroids
  • Shampoo
  • Omega-3 fatty acids
  • Antihistamines not effective
47
Q

Anti-IL5 vaccine for IBH prevention

A
  • Not in the US yet
  • 47% horses improved their clinical signs by 50%
  • 13% of non-vaccinated horses improved
  • Costs a lot of money
48
Q

What should you think in a horse with dermatoses in the white portion of the skin only?

A
  • Think sunburn

- But also think liver disease!

Dermatology (15 decks)

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