Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychobiology > Feeding and appetite > Flashcards

Feeding and appetite Flashcards

1
Q

define hunger

A

physiological process of feeling hunger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define appetite

A

feeling of hunger - can be influenced by hunger or other factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define satiation

A

state where stomach is satisfied and someone stops eating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define satiety

A

the feeling between your last immediate meal and the next

satisfaction/fullness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is basal metabolic rate

A

the rate at which the body uses energy while at rest to maintain vital functions such as breathing and keeping warm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what happens to food stuffs in digestion

A

food stuffs are broken down into simple molecules so that they can be utilised by the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where does digestion start

A

starts in the mouth- enzymes start the process in the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the main components of food

A

macronutrients

protein= essential amino acids
carbohydrate= glucose
fat- fat (lipid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what happens when macronutrients are broken down

A

which when they are broken down they turn to essential dietary components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are amino acids used for in the body

A

building blocks of human proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are carbs used for in the body

A

broken down into glucose which is a vital energy source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is fat used for in the body

A

fat = lipids

essential for things like replenishment of fatty membranes surrounding our neurons and blood brain barriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do humans report when unable to chew

A

lower levels of satisfaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what role does chewing play for hunger and satiety

A

not a very important role- could be more linked to social and psychological factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what type of urge do we have to chew

A

biological urge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how is chewing evolutionary adaptive

A

allows primates/humans to consume hard, otherwise uneatable foods

energy cost is involved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how is taste evolutionary useful

A

humans can make judgements about the food they consume by taste e.g. is the food spoiled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how does taste sure we get a wide range of nutrients

A

taste allows us to widen food types we like

these nutrients cares always positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what other than taste can lead to over eating

A

large packages and containers - more likely tot eat it all

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the 5 taste types

A
  1. sweet
  2. sour
  3. salty
  4. bitter
  5. Umami (savoury)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is released from the pancreas in repose to carbohydrates

A

insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does insulin do to blood glucose

A

converts excess blood glucose to glycogen to be stored in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how is insulin involved with amino acids

A

transportation of amino acids which in turn facilitates protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how is insulin involved with fats

A

transports fats to adipose cells/ tissues for fat storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what does glUCAGON aid in

A

conversion of fat stores into free fatty acids and provides energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the difference between glucagon and glycogen

A

Glucagon is a hormone that signals the body to convert glycogen into glucose,

while glycogen is a stored form of glucose

27
Q

what is involved in the process called Gluconeogenesis

A

between meals or fasting the pancreas releases glucagon which breaks down glycogen which is stored in the liver

28
Q

what key hunger hormone is produced by the stomach

A

Ghrelin

29
Q

what is Ghrelin release correlated with

A

ghrelin release is correlated with stomach contractions

30
Q

Ghrelin and the lateral hypothalamus

A

in the lateral hypothalamus ghrelin will trigger increased hunger via elevated amounts of orexins and neuropeptide Y (NPY)

31
Q

what blocks satiety actions in the hypothalamus

A

NPY and GABA

32
Q

where in the stomach is ghrelin released

A

gastrointestinal tract in response to an “empty stomach” - the point it starts to contract

33
Q

what do orexins do

A

support the motivation to eat and may be linked to the more pleasurable/additive qualities of food

34
Q

what is adipose tissue

A

also known as body fat or fat tissue, is a connective tissue that stores energy, insulates the body, and cushions organs. It’s found under the skin, between organs, and in bone marrow

35
Q

what hormone does adipose cells produce

A

Leptin

36
Q

what is leptin

A

leptin Is a more long-term regulation feedback mechanism of energy monitoring

it monitors fat stores in the body

37
Q

what does leptin correlate with

A

leptin correlates with the level of adipose tissues - more body fat more leptin

38
Q

how can leptin and adipose tissue feedback to the body

A

if there is little fat it can indicate the body is staring and needs for sustenance or go into energy conserve

39
Q

what do high levels of adipose and leptin signal

A

amble nutrition and therefore the body will desire to eat less

40
Q

what do low levels of adipose and leptin signal

A

low levels of nutrition and the body will indicate starving and energy saving

41
Q

what are the 2 areas of hypothalamus involved in feeding and appetite

A

ventromedial hypothalamus

lateral hypothalamus

42
Q

what happens when there is lesions on the ventromedial hypothalamus

A

hyrerphagia (over eating)

43
Q

what happens when ventromedial hypothalamus is stimulated

A

aphasia (under eating)

44
Q

where is the satiety centre

A

VMH- leads to feelings of fullness in an individual

45
Q

what happens when there is lesions on the Lateral Hypothalamus

A

aphagia (under eating)

46
Q

what happens when LH is stimulated

A

hyperphagia (under eating)

47
Q

where is the hunger centre

A

lateral hypothalamus

48
Q

explain the psychological factor habit

A

3 meals a day Is a cultural factor that is conditioned in us
humans don’t need 3 meals a day its not evolutionary

biological feedback mechanisms become conditioned

49
Q

explain psychological factor learned behaviours

A

eating as a reward e.g. finish dinner so you can get desert

emphasises we don’t see food as just an energy source

there’s a social benefit to eating and drinking with others

50
Q

explain psychological factor motivated choice

A

people eat certain diets and food choices for a whole host of reasons e.g. veganism, health, socioeconomic status, environment

emotions e.g. stress

health, sensory appeal, price, familiarity all depend on demographic fcators

51
Q

explain psychological factor food halo

A

overestimating healthiness of a food item usually based on a single character e.g. low fat

children are more vulnerable to this bias

52
Q

explain psychological factor self control and inhibition

A

“self-control” refers to the ability to regulate one’s thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, particularly in the face of temptations or impulses, while

“inhibition” is the specific act of actively suppressing or restraining an impulse,

53
Q

explain psychological factor self licensing

A

mindless eating vs mindful eating

allowing a treat is good for a persons motivation, well being and overall success f health behaviours

diet starts monday= self licensing

54
Q

psychological factor accessibility and proximity

A

increased proximity to fast food outlets in deprived areas inc risk of obesity in children but not adults

product placements + special offers play a big role e.g. impulse buys

55
Q

explain behavioural/nudge tactics

A

package size, plate shape, lighting and variety can influence volume of food consumed

56
Q

explain social element in feeding and appetite

A

adults will typically eat more when in the company of others

social norms cab influence self perception/ sensory appeal of food

57
Q

what is the gut- brain axis

A

bidirectional communication network in which motivations, cognitions and mental states can influence gastrointestinal process

58
Q

when individuals experience negative emotions- how does this impact food eaten

A

negative feedback- more likely to eat higher amounts of refined sugar, saturated fats or other engird dense foods

59
Q

what has saturated fat and sugars been shown to do to the microbiome

A

reduce the diversity which means more room for bad strains of bacteria

60
Q

what happens when there is a change in your microbiota

A

alter ability to digest foods and the preference of foods you wish to consume

61
Q

what nerve connects gut and brain

A

vagus nerve

62
Q

how does obesity develop

A

when energy intake exceeds expenditure

63
Q

what can cause high fat diet in adults

A

methylation

Psychobiology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions