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Psychobiology > Advanced research methods and techniques > Flashcards

Advanced research methods and techniques Flashcards

1
Q

what brain areas are used for the digit span test

A

temporal, hippocampus, limbic system and frontal lobe

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2
Q

what cognitive processes does the digit span measure

A

learning, STM, working memory

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3
Q

what happens in a digit span test

A

verbal task, stimuli presented auditory and responses are spoken

7 + or - 2 is standard for a adult

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4
Q

what is a poor digit span score associated with

A

ADHD, Alzheimers, learning disabilities

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5
Q

what brain areas are used for the stroop test

A

frontal lobe

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6
Q

what cognitive processes does the stroop test measure

A

focussed attention, response inhibition, data processing speed, reaction time

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7
Q

what is poor stroop test performance linked to

A

dementia, adhd, schizophrena

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8
Q

what is involved in the open field test

A

it assesses locomotion, exploratory behaviour, and anxiety-like responses

Useful to map symptoms related to Parkinson’s disease, depression, and anxiety

Immediate animal response is to go to the walls of the field. Less anxious= walk towards the center of the open field. Useful for studying new anxiety drugs

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9
Q

what is involved in resistant intruder programme

A

employed in studies evaluating social behavior, territorial aggression and hierarchical dominance

It facilitates interpretation of drug effects on aggression and behavioural responses following stress induction.

Rodent left in the cage for certain amount of time then another rat moved in.

Interested in reaction time of resistance for intruder

Useful to study aggressive behaviour and drugs that may decrease aggression in humans

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10
Q

what is involved in the force-swim test

A

assesses learned helplessness, depression- like behaviour in rodens

how long a rodent will swim in a tank of water

assess effectiveness of anti-depressants and neurobiology of stress

time for rodent to stop swimming is measured

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11
Q

what is translational research

A

The process of applying ideas, insights, and discoveries generated through basic scientific inquiry to the treatment or prevention of human disease

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12
Q

what is EEG used for

A

Used to measure electroactivity in the brain- Captures electrical info

Can measure changes in action potential

can measure different brain waves

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13
Q

when would a design require EEG

A

useful when you have a design that requires temporal sensitivity

very high temporal resolution, meaning it can accurately measure brain activity changes with excellent precision on a millisecond timescale; making it ideal for studying rapid neural events and responses to stimuli.

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14
Q

negative of EEG

A

Negative: not good to see a specific brain area

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15
Q

what is temporal resolution

A

how frequently data is collected or how often an image or measurement is captured over time

higher temporal resolution= more often can track changes

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16
Q

what is ERP used for

A

use electrodes that are attached to the scalp, as with EEG. However, the key difference is that a stimulus is presented to a participant (for example a picture/sound) and the researcher looks for activity related to that stimulus.

high temporal resolution

poor spatial resolution

17
Q

is. EEG invasive

A

can be invasive and non invasive

e.g. can be electrodes or placed into brain

18
Q

when would you use ERP

A

Useful to use in visual memory working tasks- as we have to combine multiple different stimuli

19
Q

is ERP invasive

A

no

20
Q

what is MEG used for

A

Used to measure changes magnetic fields- magnetic change reflects neuron electrical activity brain area

Similar methodology to ERPs
Temporal resolution: excellent- better than EEG

Spatial resolution: not as good as fMRI, but not as poor as ERPs and EEG

21
Q

is MEG invasive

A

no

22
Q

when would a study used MEG

A

Can use in research designs with various stimuli

23
Q

what is SMRI

A

The tube they are put in creates a huge magnetic field

This changes the pattern of hydrogen atoms (hydrogen movement in brain)

Can also see Cerebral spinal fluid

brilliant spatial resolution

24
Q

when would a study use SMRI

A

Interested in anatomy of brain

Good technique to look at brain development and the ageing of the brain

map neuropsychological disorders and identify when someone has brain damage/injury

25
Q

is SMRI invasive

A

no

26
Q

what is spatial resolution

A

detail or clarity in a image

higher spatial reoslution- the more detailed the image is

how clear details od Brian, white matter, tissue is

27
Q

what is DTI

A

DTI looks into the white matter integrity of SNC

how white matter is integrated to another part of the brain

high spatial resolution

measures movement of water molecules in white matter

28
Q

when would DTI be used

A

helps identify neurological abnormalities in psychological disorders

29
Q

is DTI invasive

A

no

t uses radio waves and a magnetic field to create images of the brain, tissues, and sku

30
Q

what is FMRI

A

Very refined technique as we can measure blood oxygen level changes in the brain

If activated- brain area supposed to consume more oxygen - this is captured through Fmri

measures the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response from brain regions.

Those more active will generate stronger BOLD signals

high spatial resolution poor temporal resolution

31
Q

is FMRI invasive

A

no

32
Q

what is a negative to FMRI

A

sensitive to movement

33
Q

what is PET

A

Tracking metabolic activity by detecting where radioactive tracer is used in the body

measures regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) after injecting radioactive substances (e.g., glucose).

Radiations can be detected using brain scanners.

More active region will need more supply hence will release more radiations.

high spatial resoltion

34
Q

why would PET be used

A

help doctors diagnose and treat conditions affecting the brain, such as Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, and stroke, cancer .

Changes in metabolic activity- problem= organ is consuming more glucose than usual

35
Q

is a PET invasive?

A

yes- injecting a tracer

36
Q
A

Psychobiology (5 decks)

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