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Medicine > Feedback Control in the CV System > Flashcards

Feedback Control in the CV System Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The outwards (hydrostatic) pressure exerted by the blood on blood vessel walls

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2
Q

What is Systemic Systolic Arterial Blood Pressure?

A

The pressure exerted by the blood on the alls of the aorta & systemic arteries when the heart contracts

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3
Q

What is Systemic Diastolic Arterial Blood Pressure?

A

The pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the aorta & systemic arteries when the heart relaxes

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4
Q

What is the ideal normal arterial blood pressure for adults under 80?

A

Systolic 90-129mmHg
Diastolic 60-80mmHg

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5
Q

What is hypertension?

A

Clinical blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg or higher & day time average of 135/85 mmHg or higher

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6
Q

What is Pulse Pressure?

A

Difference between systolic & diastolic blood pressures

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7
Q

How do you calculate pulse pressure?

A

Systolic - Diastolic

Normal pp is 30-50mmHg

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8
Q

What is MAP?

A

The average arterial blood pressure during a single cardiac cycle, which involves contraction & relaxation of the heart

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9
Q

What is the simplest way to estimate MAP?

A

[(2x Diastolic) + Systolic]/3

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10
Q

What is the normal range of MAP?

A

70-105mmHg

At least 60mmHg is required to perfume vital organs like brain, heart & kidneys

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11
Q

Why must MAP be regulated within a narrow range?

A

Pressure high enough to perfume vital organs
But
Low enough to not damage blood vessels or place extra strain on heart & other organs

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12
Q

What happens to baroreceptor firing when MAP increases?

A

Increases
Vice Versa

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13
Q

What does NTS stand for?

A

Nucleus Tractus Solitarus

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14
Q

How does the Baroreceptors send afferent impulses to the CV control centre in the medulla of brain?

A

CV control centre receives CVS afferent information
NTS is site of 1st synapse for all CVS affects in medulla
NTS integrates & relays information to other regions that control pathway of 2 divisions of ANS to heart & blood vessels

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15
Q

By regulating what can regulate MAP?

A

Heart rate, Stroke volume , Systemic vascular resistance
Increasing these increases MAP

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16
Q

What is Authorhythmicity?

A

The hearts ability of beating rhythmically in the absence of external stimuli

17
Q

What nervous system is heart rate modified by?

A

Autonomic Nervous System

18
Q

What is it called when the heart rate accelerates?

A

Tachycardia

19
Q

What is it called when the heart rate slows?

A

Bradycardia

20
Q

What receptors does noradrenaline act on?

A

Beta 1 receptors

21
Q

What receptors does acetylcholine act on?

A

M2 receptors
Muscarinic

22
Q

How does stroke volume increase?

A

When the contractile strength of the heart is increased

23
Q

How does the sympathetic nervous system increase stroke volume?

A

Sympathetic nerves innervate the ventricular myocardium & stimulation increases force of contraction & stroke volume

24
Q

What law is intrinsic control of stroke volume?

A

Starlings

25
Q

What is systemic vascular resistance regulated by?

A

Vascular smooth muscles

26
Q

What is the main site of SVR?

A

Arterioles

27
Q

What does contraction of VSM cause?

A

Vasoconstriction & increases SVR & MAP

28
Q

What does relaxation of VSM cause?

A

Vasodilation & decreases SVR & MAP

29
Q

In VSM what neurotransmitter acts on alpha receptors?

A

Noradrenaline

30
Q

Vasomotor Tone

A

Vascular smooth muscles are partially constricted at rest

31
Q

What causes Vasomotor tone?

A

Tonic discharge of sympathetic nerves resulting in continuous release of noradrenaline

32
Q

What happens to SVR if sympathetic discharge is increased?

A

It increases

33
Q

What happens to SVR if sympathetic discharge decreases?

A

It decreases

34
Q

What happens to baroreceptors if high arterial blood pressure is sustained (re-set)?

A

They will only fire again if there is an acute change higher than the already new steady level

Medicine (8 decks)

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