feed additives and supplements

Question 1

they are made of organic acid or mixture of organic acids. when incorporated in the ration, they exert their effect on the gastrointestinal environment by lowering the stomach pH.

Answer 1

acidifiers or acidulants

Question 2

prevents the growth and proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms, thus, promoting better feed efficiency.

Answer 2

low stomach pH

Question 3

examples of acidifiers or acidulants.

Answer 3

° phosphoric acid
° citric acid
° lactic acid
° fumaric acid
° acetic acid

Question 4

these are chemical products produced by microorganisms, which are added in the mixed feed at subtherapeutic level.

Answer 4

antibiotics*

Question 5

example of antibiotics*

Answer 5

° aureomycin
° streptomycin
° erythromycin
° neomycin
° virginiamycin
° tylosin
° chlortetracycline

Question 6

these agents are used to improve the flowability of grains and feeds by preventing feedstuffs from adhering to surfaces, on the inside walls of silos, bins, conveying systems and mixers.

Answer 6

anticaking agents

Question 7

these are used in the prevention and treatment of malaria which include pyrimethamine and chloroquin diphosphate.

Answer 7

antimalarials

Question 8

these are chemical preservatives added to the feeds to protect them from decomposition by microorganisms.

Answer 8

antimolds

Question 9

what are the other organic acids that can inhibit mold growth?

Answer 9

formic acid, sorbic acid, fumaric acid, and citric acid.

Question 10

there are used to prevent rancidity in feeds.

Answer 10

antioxidants

Question 11

what are the commonly used antioxidants?

Answer 11

butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), santoquin, butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA), propyl gallate, ethoxyquin, calcium carbonate, phosphoric acid and citric acid

Question 12

these are administered to prevent and control coccidiosis

Answer 12

coccidiostats*

Question 13

what are the example of coccidiostats?

Answer 13

alkomide, amprolium, clopidol, robenedine, maduramycin, narasin, salinomycin

Question 14

these are used against internal parasites of the animals.

Answer 14

dewormers*

Question 15

what are the example of dewormers?

Answer 15

flubendazole, tetramizole, oxfendazole, thiabendazole, mebendazole, and piperazine

Question 16

these are protein molecules that have the ability to catalyze biochemical reactions.

Answer 16

enzymes

Question 17

used to increase the digestibility of some feedstuffs under certain conditions.

Answer 17

commercial feed enzymes

Question 18

will act upon proteins and an amylase, only on starch.

Answer 18

protease

Question 19

what are the other example enzymes?

Answer 19

phytase, mannanase, lipase, and xylanase

Question 20

feed flavors induced feed intake particularly for piglets.

Answer 20

flavorings

Question 21

these are agents added to improve the texture and firmness of pelleted feeds.

Answer 21

pellet binders

Question 22

what are the examples of pellet binders?

Answer 22

gelatin extract derivatives, calcium lignosulphonate, and galactomannan gum.

Question 23

these are chemical agents added to enhance coloration and pigmentation of the skin or of the egg yolk in poultry.

Answer 23

pigmenters

Question 24

what are the example of pigmenters?

Answer 24

carophyll yellow, carophyll red and carophyll orange.

Question 25

is used if the diet of birds does not contain sources of carotene. and it produces egg yolk in the shade of 6 in the standard yolk color fan.

Answer 25

carophyll yellow

Question 26

added to the diet if deeper of the egg yolk is desired

Answer 26

carophyll red

Question 27

also known as live microbial supplements, these are beneficial microorganism added to rations to improve the intestinal microbial balance of the animal

Answer 27

probiotics

Question 28

example of microorganisms in probiotics;

Answer 28

lactobacillus sp. and bifido bacterium sp.

Question 29

these are used to increase lean-muscle and reduce fat deposition in carcasses when added in the diet during the finishing period

Answer 29

repartitioning agents

Question 30

examples of repartitioning agents are;

Answer 30

chromium and hormones

Question 31

these are chemical agents that facilitate uniform dispersion of molecules in feeds or feed mixtures

Answer 31

surfactants

Question 32

these are used for detoxification of mycotoxin- contaminated feeds and raw materials by either chelating the mycotoxin or by blocking the effect of mycotoxin at the digestive tract of animals that ingested the contaminated feeds.

Answer 32

toxin binders

Question 33

commonly used toxin binders;

Answer 33

polyvinylpyrrolidone and aluminum silicate

Question 34

these are synthetically produced supplements with chemical characteristics similar to their natural counterparts.

Answer 34

synthetic amino acids

Question 35

most of the essential minerals are present in ordinary feeds although the amount are not sufficient enough to meet the requirements of swine and poultry.

Answer 35

mineral supplements

Question 36

the mineral elements most likely to be deficient in common rations are;

Answer 36

calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chloride, manganese, and zinc

Question 37

these are produced from calcining rock phosphates or by addition of calcium compounds to phosphoric acid

Answer 37

calcium phosphates

Question 38

which may either be ground or granulated, is one of the best sources of calcium for animals.

Answer 38

limestone

Question 39

seashells are almost pure calcium carbonate (95-99%) . they are commonly used for top dressing or as a free choice source of calcium

Answer 39

oyster shell

Question 40

common table salt must be added in poultry and livestock rations.

Answer 40

sodium chloride

Question 41

bone meal generally contains about 26% calcium and 12% phosphorus. it must be thoroughly cooked to prevent the spread of disease- producing organisms.

Answer 41

steamed bone meal

Question 42

must be applied in the finished feeds in the form of a mineral premix.

Answer 42

trace mineral supplements