Feed Additives Flashcards
Antibacterial agents…
- Treat disease
- Improve health and growth performance
Antibiotics
- Produced by bacteria or molds
- Inhibit growth of other microorganisms
Examples of Antibiotics
Tylosin and Carbadox (formulated in a ration to prevent, not treat)
Chemotherapeutic
- Chemically synthesized or naturally occurring that inhibit growth of other microorganisms
Examples of Chemotherapeutics
- Copper sulfate - increased growth
- Zinc oxide - controls post-weaning scours
- High levels can be toxic; high in manure
Probiotics
- Living bacteria and/or yeast cultures that improve microflora balance
- Reduce harmful bacteria
- Development of health-promoting microorganisms
Examples of Probiotics
- Lactobacillus species
- Streptococcus falcium
Anthelmintics
- Chemical substances that can be added to diets to control parasitic worms
Examples of Anthelmintics
- Ivermectin
- Levamisole
Carcass modifiers
- Diet additive that alters carcass competition
Examples of Carcass modifiers
- Chromium - improves growth and lean yield
- Carnitine - lowers backfat
- Ractopamine + HCl
Ractopamine HCl (does NOT work in humans)
- Phenothalamine derivatives known as þ-agonist
- Binds to receptors in a muscle cell to initiate an increase in protein synthesis
- Increases muscle fiber size
- Differ from hormone implants, work at cellular level and does not affect hormone status
When was Ractopamine HCl approved by the FDA in the swine industry?
1999 FDA approval in swine industry
Ractopamine HCl known as…
Paylen by Elanco
þ-agonists are routinely used in human medicine…functions of þ1 and þ2?
- þ1: used to treat cardiac ailments
- þ2: used to treat asthma and COPD, premature labor
The anabolic effect of þ-agonists is…
It diverts energy from fat growth to increase muscle fiber diameter and growth of lean muscle protein
þ-agonists have a ______ half-life and are _____ and ______ quickly.
Short half-life
Metabolized and excreted quickly
þ-agonists have no storage in…
Animal tissues
Other þ-agonists include:
- Clenbuterol: banned in US
- Can affect lung and heart function in persons that have eaten liver or meat
- Zilpaterol
Feed Ractopamine HCl: How much?
4.5-9 gram/ton
Finishing diet must have what % crude protein?
16%
Feed for either last ___lb of gain or last ___ days.
90lb
or
35 days
In order to build muscle,
you need protein
Benefits of Ractopamine HCl increases
Increases:
- Avg daily gain
- Lean gain
- Dressing percentage (75-76% with paylean)
Benefits of Ractopamine HCl decreases
Decreases:
- Feed:gain ratio
- Backfat
- Days on feed
- Manure output
- Nitrogen excretion
Disadvantages of Ractopamine HCl
- Higher protein and lysine requirements
- Increases heart rates
- Increased sensitivity to rough handling
- Slightly less tender meat
Which consume more feed/day? Heavier or lighter pigs
Heavier pigs
Which consume more feed/day? Fatter or leaner pigs
Fatter pigs
Which consume more feed/day? Barrows (after 55 lb) or gilts
Barrows (after 55 lb)
Which consume more feed/day? Healthy or sick pigs
Healthy pigs
Which consume more feed/day? Pigs in cold environment or pigs in average temperature
Pigs in cold environment
Which consume more feed/day? Un-crowded pigs or crowded pigs
Un-crowded pigs
Feed efficiency: Which has a greater feed/gain? Fat or lean pigs
Fat
Feed efficiency: Which has a greater feed/gain? Barrows or gilts
Barrows
Feed efficiency: Which has a greater feed/gain? Cold pigs or non-cold pigs
Cold pigs
Feed efficiency: Which has a greater feed/gain? Sick or healthy pigs
Sick pigs
As pigs increase in weight, they require more…
Feed/gain
What is the most common processing method for swine diets?
Grinding
Reducing particle size will _____ surface area of grain.
Increase
Reducing particle size also…
- Increases interactions with digestive enzymes
- Improves feed efficiency
- Improves ease of handling and mixing
Fine grinding does 3 things:
- Increases dustiness
- Causes bridging (jam ups) in feeders and bulk bins
- Causes gastric ulcers
