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Swine Production Exam 2 > Feed Additives > Flashcards

Feed Additives Flashcards

1
Q

Antibacterial agents…

A
  • Treat disease
  • Improve health and growth performance
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2
Q

Antibiotics

A
  • Produced by bacteria or molds
  • Inhibit growth of other microorganisms
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3
Q

Examples of Antibiotics

A

Tylosin and Carbadox (formulated in a ration to prevent, not treat)

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4
Q

Chemotherapeutic

A
  • Chemically synthesized or naturally occurring that inhibit growth of other microorganisms
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5
Q

Examples of Chemotherapeutics

A
  • Copper sulfate - increased growth
  • Zinc oxide - controls post-weaning scours
  • High levels can be toxic; high in manure
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6
Q

Probiotics

A
  • Living bacteria and/or yeast cultures that improve microflora balance
  • Reduce harmful bacteria
  • Development of health-promoting microorganisms
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7
Q

Examples of Probiotics

A
  • Lactobacillus species
  • Streptococcus falcium
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8
Q

Anthelmintics

A
  • Chemical substances that can be added to diets to control parasitic worms
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9
Q

Examples of Anthelmintics

A
  • Ivermectin
  • Levamisole
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10
Q

Carcass modifiers

A
  • Diet additive that alters carcass competition
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11
Q

Examples of Carcass modifiers

A
  • Chromium - improves growth and lean yield
  • Carnitine - lowers backfat
  • Ractopamine + HCl
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12
Q

Ractopamine HCl (does NOT work in humans)

A
  • Phenothalamine derivatives known as þ-agonist
  • Binds to receptors in a muscle cell to initiate an increase in protein synthesis
    • Increases muscle fiber size
  • Differ from hormone implants, work at cellular level and does not affect hormone status
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13
Q

When was Ractopamine HCl approved by the FDA in the swine industry?

A

1999 FDA approval in swine industry

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14
Q

Ractopamine HCl known as…

A

Paylen by Elanco

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15
Q

þ-agonists are routinely used in human medicine…functions of þ1 and þ2?

A
  • þ1: used to treat cardiac ailments
  • þ2: used to treat asthma and COPD, premature labor
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16
Q

The anabolic effect of þ-agonists is…

A

It diverts energy from fat growth to increase muscle fiber diameter and growth of lean muscle protein

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17
Q

þ-agonists have a ______ half-life and are _____ and ______ quickly.

A

Short half-life

Metabolized and excreted quickly

18
Q

þ-agonists have no storage in…

A

Animal tissues

19
Q

Other þ-agonists include:

A
  • Clenbuterol: banned in US
    • Can affect lung and heart function in persons that have eaten liver or meat
  • Zilpaterol
20
Q

Feed Ractopamine HCl: How much?

A

4.5-9 gram/ton

21
Q

Finishing diet must have what % crude protein?

A

16%

22
Q

Feed for either last ___lb of gain or last ___ days.

A

90lb

or

35 days

23
Q

In order to build muscle,

A

you need protein

24
Q

Benefits of Ractopamine HCl increases

A

Increases:

  • Avg daily gain
  • Lean gain
  • Dressing percentage (75-76% with paylean)
25
Q

Benefits of Ractopamine HCl decreases

A

Decreases:

  • Feed:gain ratio
  • Backfat
  • Days on feed
  • Manure output
  • Nitrogen excretion
26
Q

Disadvantages of Ractopamine HCl

A
  • Higher protein and lysine requirements
  • Increases heart rates
  • Increased sensitivity to rough handling
  • Slightly less tender meat
27
Q

Which consume more feed/day? Heavier or lighter pigs

A

Heavier pigs

28
Q

Which consume more feed/day? Fatter or leaner pigs

A

Fatter pigs

29
Q

Which consume more feed/day? Barrows (after 55 lb) or gilts

A

Barrows (after 55 lb)

30
Q

Which consume more feed/day? Healthy or sick pigs

A

Healthy pigs

31
Q

Which consume more feed/day? Pigs in cold environment or pigs in average temperature

A

Pigs in cold environment

32
Q

Which consume more feed/day? Un-crowded pigs or crowded pigs

A

Un-crowded pigs

33
Q

Feed efficiency: Which has a greater feed/gain? Fat or lean pigs

A

Fat

34
Q

Feed efficiency: Which has a greater feed/gain? Barrows or gilts

A

Barrows

35
Q

Feed efficiency: Which has a greater feed/gain? Cold pigs or non-cold pigs

A

Cold pigs

36
Q

Feed efficiency: Which has a greater feed/gain? Sick or healthy pigs

A

Sick pigs

37
Q

As pigs increase in weight, they require more…

A

Feed/gain

38
Q

What is the most common processing method for swine diets?

A

Grinding

39
Q

Reducing particle size will _____ surface area of grain.

A

Increase

40
Q

Reducing particle size also…

A
  • Increases interactions with digestive enzymes
  • Improves feed efficiency
  • Improves ease of handling and mixing
41
Q

Fine grinding does 3 things:

A
  1. Increases dustiness
  2. Causes bridging (jam ups) in feeders and bulk bins
  3. Causes gastric ulcers

Swine Production Exam 2 (6 decks)

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