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Vet 100 > Feces Evaluation > Flashcards

Feces Evaluation Flashcards

1
Q

Parasite

A

An organism that lives in or on another host organism

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2
Q

Parasitology

A

The study of parasites and their relationships to host

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3
Q

Endoparasite

A

Parasite that infects internal organ(s) including: stomach, intestines, heart, lung, kidney, liver, and muscle

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4
Q

Ectoparasite

A

Parasite that infects host in or on the skin

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5
Q

Ova

A

Egg

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6
Q

Larva

A

Immature parasite form, there may be several larval stages in the development of parasite

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7
Q

Cyst

A

Dormant phase of parasite, usually very resistant to heat, drying, etc.

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8
Q

Prepatent Period

A

Time period between infection with parasite and appearance of diagnostic parameter (i.e. ova in feces)

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9
Q

Zoonoses

A

An infection that can be transmitted between animals and people

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10
Q

Scientific names

A

A specific animal/plant has two parts to its name (Genus and Species)

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11
Q

Giardia
What is it?

A

Unicellar flagellate parasite important
in WA

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12
Q

How is giardia transferred?

A

Direct consumption of contaminated
water or soil

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13
Q

Effects giardia has?

A

-No signs to severe diarrhea
-Possible zoonoses (?)

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14
Q

How is giardia diagnosed?

A

-Fecal centrifugation (Zinc), or ELISA test
-Direct smear of fresh (<30 min) fluid feces

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15
Q

What is toxoplasma?

A

Unicellar parasite of cats

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16
Q

How is toxoplasma transferred?

A

-Direct consumption of contaminated soil
-Indirect by consumption of transport host
40% of cats are seropositive, but only 1% are shedding

17
Q

Effect of toxoplasma?

A

-No signs to severe systemic disease (eyes & brain of cats)
-Zoonotic risk to pregnant women & immunocompromised!!
(30-40% of US humans are seropositive)

18
Q

How is toxoplasma diagnosed?

A

Fecal float
Serology

19
Q

The most common way that humans acquire Toxoplasma infection is…

A

Handling raw meat or vegetables!

20
Q

What are ascarids?

A

Roundworms of the small intestine

21
Q

How are ascarids (roundworms) transmitted?

A

-Direct from environment
-Transmammary (milk) and in utero (Virtually all puppies are born with this parasite)
-Indirect, transport host (ie rodent)

22
Q

How many eggs can a single ascarid adult lay in one day?

A

85,000

23
Q

Effects of ascarids (roundworm)?

A

-Diarrhea, bloating, malabsorption, cough, possible death in neonates (newborns)
-May be asymptomatic

24
Q

How to prevent ascarids?
(roundworm)

A

-Good Hygiene
-Deworm dogs & cats
-Cover sandboxes
Potential Zoonoses!!

25
Q

What is Ancyclostoma (hookworm)?

A

-Hemorrhagic enteritis, anemia, pneumonia, and even death
-Found throughout a range of dogs in the US and Canada

26
Q

How is ancyclostoma (hookworm) transmitted?

A

-Infect dogs by skin penetration
+Can use mammalian intermediate hosts
-Transmammary (milk) transmission
-Migrate through lungs, coughed up & swallowed
-Can be zoonotic

27
Q

How is anacylostoma (hookworm) diagnosed?

A

Anemia associated with eggs in feces

28
Q

What is tapeworm (Dipylidium canium)?

A

-Asymptomatic flea tapeworm
-Throughout US and Canada
-Common where fleas are common (60% infection rate in dogs and cats)

29
Q

How is tapeworm transmitted?

A

Ingestion of flea containing cyst

30
Q

How is tapeworm diagnosed?

A

-Segments or egg packets in feces
-Segments on perineum (“grains of rice”)

31
Q

Preventing Endoparasites

A

-Conduct fecal exam 2-4x during first year and then 1-2x/year thereafter
+Treat any parasites found with appropriate Rx
+No one medication is effective against all
-Feed pets cooked food and fresh water
-Prevent hunting by pets
-Pick up feces frequently from yard
-Do not take puppies to public places (beach or school yards)
-Give puppies & kittens Rx for Nematodes
Age 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks (from DVM is ideal)

32
Q

Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA)

A

Tests to detect fecal stages of parasites

33
Q

Enzyme ­Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA)

A

Tests to detect fecal parasite antigens (proteins)

34
Q

How many grams do you need for a fecal float?

A

At least 1-2 grams

35
Q

Which parasites can infect puppies/kittens through the mother’s milk (transmammary)?

A

Hookworms and Roundworms

36
Q

True or False
The Prepatent Period of a parasite is the time between the host acquiring the infection and the veterinary team’s ability to detect the infection.

A

True

Vet 100 (8 decks)

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