Blood Evaluation

Question 1

Sample labeling

Answer 1

-Label all samples immediately after collection.
-Label with date, time, patient and your initials.
-Double check sample ID before running tests.

Question 2

Whole Blood
What is it made of?

Answer 2

-Plasma: Liquid component
+Water, proteins, sugars, lipids, electrolytes.
-Cells: Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, & Thrombocytes

Question 3

Hematology definition

Answer 3

The study of Blood

Question 4

Red cells…

Answer 4

-Carry oxygen
-No nucleus in mammals
-Disc-shaped

Question 5

Platelets…

Answer 5

Initiate blood clotting

Question 6

White cells…

Answer 6

-Immune system
-No nucleus
-Clear to light blue
-Cell fragments

Question 7

White cells: Granulocytes & Monocytes…

Answer 7

Direct attack

Question 8

White cells: Lymphocytes…

Answer 8

Create antibodies

Question 9

Granulocytes

Answer 9

Segmented nucleus & granules

-Neutrophil: Clear-grey granules
-Eosinophil: Pink/red granules
-Basophil: Blue to Purple granules

Question 10

Agranulocytes

Answer 10

No granules

-Lymphocytes: Round nucleus
7-9um

-Monocyte: Variable nucleus
Large 12-14 um

Question 11

Packed Cell Volume (PCV)

Answer 11

Percentage of spun blood that is red cells

Question 12

Buffy Coat

Answer 12

Layer of white cells in spun blood

Question 13

Total Protein

Answer 13

Measurement of solids dissolved in plasma. This includes: hormones & enzymes, globulins (antibodies), albumin

Determined by refractometer.

Question 14

Determining Packed Cell Volume

Answer 14

1. Blood is placed in hematocrit tube & sealed with clay.
2. Sample is spun in hematocrit centrifuge for 3-5 minutes.
3. Spun sample is aligned on reader card and the top of the red cell layer is read
   as PCV.

Question 15

What does PCV indicate?

Answer 15

In dogs, normal PCV is 37-55%

-Below 37% indicates anemia
-Above 55% indicates dehydration or abnormal production

Question 16

Clinic Chemistry gives results such as…

Answer 16

-Cellular damage (ALT, CK, K+)
-Exposure to specific infectious diseases (FeLV, Lyme)
-Hydration status (BUN, Na+, Cr)
-Organ function (Cr, Bile acids, pO2)
-Hormone production

Question 17

Quality Assurance: Accuracy & Precision

Answer 17

A measurement is determined valid if it is both accurate & precise

Question 18

Precision

Answer 18

is reproducibility of results

Question 19

Accuracy

Answer 19

is closeness to actual value

Question 20

Red or Tiger tube

Answer 20

-Serum evaluation
-Non additive
-Serology, blood bank, chemistry

Question 21

Green tube

Answer 21

-Plasma evaluation
-PST
-Genetics, renin, aldosterone, chemistry

Question 22

Lavender tube

Answer 22

-Hematology
-Contains EDTA, an anti-clotting agent
-Commonly used for BD screening and immunohematology testing

Question 23

Total Protein
Amount of protein contained in serum sample, includes…

Answer 23

-Albumin
-Globulins (antibodies)
-Hormones
-Enzymes

Question 24

TP evaluations indicate…

Answer 24

may indicate dehydration or abnormal production of antibodies

Question 25

TP depletions indicate…

Answer 25

may indicate liver failure or excessive loss from kidneys or intestines

Question 26

What does plasma contain?

Answer 26

-Water
-Lipids
-Proteins
-Sugars
-Electrolytes

Question 27

The function of platelets?

Answer 27

Initiate blood clotting