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History Summer Exam - Russian Revolution 1914-1941 > February Revolution and Tsar Nicholas II > Flashcards

February Revolution and Tsar Nicholas II Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the 1905 revolution?

A

Peaceful demonstrators marched to Winter Palace in St. Petersburg about poor working and living conditions.

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2
Q

Where did the demonstrators go during the 1905 revolution?

A

Winter Palace, St. Petersburg to talk to the Tsar about the poor working and living conditions.

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3
Q

What caused the food shortages that spurred the 1905 revolution?

A

Russo-Japanese War

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4
Q

Why was the 1905 Revolution given the moniker ‘Bloody Sunday’?

A

Tsarist troops shot and killed peaceful demonstrators.

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5
Q

What caused cities’ food shortages in the Autumn of 1915?

A

No peasants selling grain.

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6
Q

When did food shortages in the cities, caused by no grain, take place?

A

Autumn, 1915

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7
Q

What caused disruption of food supply transport?

A

Prioritisation of railway lines for the war effort.

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8
Q

How much fuel were the major cities (Moscow and St. Petersburg) only getting in 1916.

A

1/3 of their usual supply.

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9
Q

What did the government do in response to inflation to pay for the war?

A

Print more money.

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10
Q

What did WW1 inflation economically cause?

A

Decreased wages and increased prices (four-fold between 1914-6)

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11
Q

In what year did strikes in cities happen frequently?

A

1916

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12
Q

What did the Tsar do in August 1915

A

Dismissed the army commander-in-chief, abandoned the capital, and took full leadership of the army.

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13
Q

What was made possible by the Tsar’s assumption to military leadership?

A

Sole blame and responsibility given to him for any and all military failures as well as for his absence.

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14
Q

Shortages of what supplies occurred during the war, for Russian forces.

A

Weapons and uniforms

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15
Q

Why were independant organisations fueling the military with supplies?

A

The Tsar refused to allow the Duma government any official power in ruling the country.

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16
Q

Give an example of organisations that helped provide supplies to the front.

A

Zemstvo

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17
Q

What was running as an unofficial government in Russia?

A

The Duma

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18
Q

Who headed the Duma?

A

Prince Lyov

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19
Q

What made the Tsar’s government look weak and irrelevant?

A

The presence of a much more competent, active government - the Duma.

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20
Q

When did the Tsar recall the Duma?

A

July 1915

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21
Q

What was the progressive bloc?

A

Deputies called upon the Tsar to appoint a new parliamentary government that had the public and Duma’s support.

22
Q

Why did the Tsar dissolve the duma in September 1915?

A

As a response to the Progressive Bloc.

23
Q

When did the Tsar dissolve the Duma?

A

September 1915

24
Q

When did the Duma come together after their dissolution by the Tsar in 1915?

A

November 1916

25
Q

Who did the Tsar leave monarchic duties to when he left for the front?

A

His wife, Tsarina Alexandria.

26
Q

Who assisted the Tsarina in the leadership of her nation?

A

Gregori Rasputin.

27
Q

Who was Rasputin?

A

A russian monk and peasant, notorious for his sexual proclivities and supposed supernatural healing abilities.

28
Q

How many prime ministers, ministers of internal affairs, war ministers and foreign ministers were there in less than three years under Tsarina’s rule?

A

Four PMs, Six MIAs, 3 WMs and 3 FMs

29
Q

Why did the Russian people distrust Tsarina?

A

She had German origins.

30
Q

How did the nobility, aristocracy and upper class see Rasputin’s presence?

A

Dishonourable to the monarchy.

31
Q

What rumour spread of Tsarina and Rasputin?

A

They were having an affair.

32
Q

What type of ruler was Tsar Nicholas II?

A

A stubborn autocrat who was ‘out of touch with reality’.

33
Q

How did the Tsarina-Rasputin issue, affect the monarchy?

A

It lost them the support of the upper class and aristocracy - Rasputin besmirched their legacy.

34
Q

What made the upper class want social reform?

A

The Tsarina-Rasputin disaster.

35
Q

How did Tsarina appoint ministers?

A

By giving the jobs away to friends and allies to the royals - this worsened thoughts of elitism.

36
Q

When was Rasputin murdered?

A

December 1916

37
Q

Who killed Rasputin?

A

Five noblemen, including Prince Yusupov.

38
Q

Why was Rasputin murdered?

A

Out of widespread fear that he was negatively influencing the monarchy - especially from rumours of an affair with Tsarina.

39
Q

When was International Women’s Day?

A

23 February 1917

40
Q

Where did the February Revolution initiate?

A

St Petersburg

41
Q

What happened on 23 February 1917?

A

Women protestors took to the streets demanding bread with the assistance of factory workers.

42
Q

How many protestors had gathered by 24 February 1917?

A

Between 100,000 and 200,000

43
Q

What was Tsar’s response to the protestors of the February Revolution?

A

Command troops to fire on civilians.

44
Q

What were the Russian soldiers mostly made up of?

A

Urban and rural peasants and workers.

45
Q

What were the russian soldiers nicknamed?

A

‘Peasants in uniform’

46
Q

What was the reaction of the Petrograd Garrison to the Tsar’s order for troops to fire on civilians?

A

Several regiments voted to disobey.

47
Q

How did Tsar Nicholas II lose military power in St Petersburg, during the February Revolution?

A

Uprisings led to the police, courts and prisons being attacked.

48
Q

How did some soldiers act during the firing on protestors (Feb Revol).

A

They joined them.

49
Q

When did Tsar Nicholas II abdicate?

A

2 March 1917

50
Q

Who did Nicholas II abdicate to?

A

His brother, Grand Duke Michael

History Summer Exam - Russian Revolution 1914-1941 (9 decks)

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