February 2020 exam paper Flashcards
what is the meaning of ephemeral?
life cycle of 6-8 weeks
completes several life cycles in a season
example of an ephemeral
mouse-ear-cress “Arabisopsis thaliana”
if you were to draw a cross section of a young dicot root, what should you label (in correct order)
xylem phloem pericycle-with emerging lateral roots endodermis cortex epidermis with emerging later roots steele
where does sugar transport take place in a young dicot root?
phloem (cortex)
where is the selection of minerals taken up in a young dicot root?
root hairs
where is the production of lateral roots in a young dicot stem?
pericycle, epidermis and endodermis
what is the function of the anther?
produces/contains pollen
what is the purpose of the petals?
attract pollinators
what is the function of the ovule?
it becomes the seed at fertilisation (contains ovum)
what is the function of the stigma?
hairy/sticky to trap pollen from pollinator
what is meant by the corolla?
collection of petals
what is meant by the calyx?
collection of sepals
describe what is meant by the Law of Limiting Factors
a process has more than one input/staring material
the rate of the process will be limited by the one factor
temp/light/oxygen/water
eg: for photosynthesis to take place water/light/Co2/temp must be all optimum.
if not enough water, plant will wilt forcing stomatal closure therefore no carbon dioxide can be absorbed which is essential for the process.
Wilting also reduces surface area so little light would be intercepted.
how does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?
the more light available, the rate of photosynthesis increases (up to a certain point)
The process doesn’t happen in the dark and at very low light levels the stomata close so no carbon dioxide absorbed.
what controls plant turgor?
the vacuole
a plant wilts through loss of? (technical name!)
Turgor
what is the function of the Palisade Mesophyll?
it is the site of photosynthesis
what is the function of the spongy mesophyll?
site of photosynthesis
air spaces facilitate gas exchange and store carbon dioxide
cells may also store starch
what is the function of the stomata?
site of gas exchange-
carbon dioxide in, oxygen out.
And transpirational vapour loss
what is the function of the guard cell?
controls opening/closing of stomata
controls water loss
what is a plant adaption for protection or defence?
stinging hairs
spine
thorn
prickle
what plant part is adapted for a stinging hair?
leaf/stem or epidermis
what plant part is adapted for a spine?
leaf
what plant part is adapted for a thorn?
stem
what plant part is adapted for a prickle?
it is outgrowth of the epidermis on stems and leaves
plant example with stinging hairs?
Urtica dioica (nettle)
plant example with spines?
Berberis thunbergii
Berberis darwinii (gorse)
plant example with thorn
Prunus spinosa
plant example with a prickle?
Rosa rugosa
name some plant adaptions
bulb
bract
tendril
describe the process of pollination
it is the transfer f pollen from the anther to the stigma
8 characteristics of wind pollinated plants
insignificant flowers no scent large amounts of smoothe/light pollen filaments not fixed so can rock in wind large, feathery stigma reproductive parts hang outside the plant small petals/tepals/bracts-all brown or green green/brown petals
apart from a dandelion, what is another wind pollinated plant?
Zea mays (Corn)
how can you manipulate temperature to increase seed storage time?
store them in the fridge
5’c or lower.
you can use liquid nitrogen for super cold conditions
name some compound leaf arrangements
pinnate
bipinnate
palmate
bifoliate
describe a compound leaf arrangement
made up of leaflets, supported by the petiole-with an axillary bud at the point where it joins the stem
6 characteristics of a conifer are
evergreen (some are deciduous) leaves are needles naked seeds cones woody plants (undergo secondary thickening) sap contains resin
state three ways in which flowering plants differ from conifers
enclosed seeds in fruits
herbaceous or woody
can be annual/biennial/perennial
