FE: Lecture 1 ANS

Question 1

In the CNS what are LMN called?

Answer 1

somatic motor or branchial motor neurons because it projects to muscle

Question 2

In the CNS what are preganglionic neurons?

Answer 2

autonomic visceral motor neurons or special visceral

Question 3

What are the preganglionic fibers in the CNS?

Answer 3

they go to smooth, cardiac muscle and glands

1. short- sympathetic thoracolumbar
2. long- parasympathetic craniosacral

there are not LMN bc they do not project directly to muscle

Question 4

In the PNS what are the type of motor ganglia neurons?

Answer 4

chain ganglia, collateral ganglia and enteric

Question 5

What are the post ganglionic fibers in the PNS?

Answer 5

long - sympathetic

short- parasympathetic

Question 6

What types of neurotransmitters are associated with the two different nervous systems?

Answer 6

acetycholine (nicotinic and muscarine receptors)- parasympathetic

acetylcholine (nicotinic) and norepinepherine (adrenergic)

Question 7

Do CNS motor nerves project directly or indirectly to organs and glands?

Answer 7

indirectly

1. sympathetic motor nerves are in thoracolumbar and project to chain and collateral ganglia (celiac, mesenteric etc.)
2. parasympathetic- in craniosacral and go to enteric ganglia in organs

Question 8

If you were to pull your heart out of your body would it stop beating?

Answer 8

No b/c it it driven by ganglia not CNS

Question 9

What is the path of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 9

1. interiomedial nucleus on the lateral horn to sympathetic ganglia
2. sympathetic ganglia neurons then project to smooth muscle and glands

Question 10

Besides cranial nerves where are the other parasympathetic nerves?

Answer 10

sacral cord- start at sacral “interomediolateral nucleus” or preganglionic ganglia to parasympathetic ganglia

usually enteric ganglia from sacral region are within pelvis, bladder, colon, rectum, reproductive system

Question 11

What cranial nerves contain parasympathetic visceral motor fibers?

Answer 11

1. Oculomotor nerve- EW nucleus (midbrain)
2. Facial Nerve- Sup. Salivatory nucleus (pons, middle)
3. Glossopharyngeal - inf. sal. nucleus (rostral open medulla)
4. Vagus- dorsal motor of vagus (cadual open medulla)

Question 12

If you were attacked late at night at Ruggles what parts of sympathetic nervous system would increase?

Answer 12

HR, cardiac artery diameter, bronchi diameter, pupil diameter, sweat gland activity, piloerector muscles

Question 13

If you were attacked late at night at Ruggles what parts of parasympathetic nervous system would increase?

Answer 13

skin artery diameter, bladder tone, saliva and mucus secretion, muscle activity in gut

Question 14

What nerve is Auerbach’s plexus associated with?

Answer 14

vagus nerve- parasympathetic to gut

motor ganglia are in thoracic and abdominal region

Question 15

What ganglia does EW nucleus go to?

Answer 15

Ciliary on outside of eyeball

Question 16

What are two functions of ciliary ganglia?

Answer 16

1. ciliary muscles- lens accommodation

2. iris muscles- pupil constriction

Question 17

What two motor ganglia does the superior salivatory nucleus project to (facial nerve)?

Answer 17

1. pterygopalatine ganglia- lacrimal glad = tear production

2. submandibular ganglia- sublingual and submandibular glands- saliva production

Question 18

What motor ganglia does the inferior salivatory nucleus project to?

Answer 18

otic ganglia (inside parotid gland)- salivation

damage leads to dry mouth

Question 19

What is the main effect of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?

Answer 19

para- rest and digest, store energy

sym- fight or flight, use energy

Question 20

How does visceral sensory information enter the CNS?

Answer 20

1. sensory receptors in organs send AP to spinal and cranial nerves via visceral sensory ganglia
2. they then synapse in nucleus of solitary tract lead to visceral motor reflexes ( start of tract back down)

Question 21

How does cardiac visceral control work?

Answer 21

1. blood pressure increase is detected by receptors (carotid body and baroreceptors)
2. this is sent to nucleus of solitary tract by CN 9 -10
3. then sends to visceral motor to increase parasympathetic and decrease sympathetic to slow heart rate

Question 22

What three nerves are responsible for special visceral of taste?

Answer 22

CN 7 anterior 2/3 of tongue

CN 9 posterior 1/3 tongue

CN 10- epiglottis and uvula

Question 23

What is the tract of taste to frontal cortex?

Answer 23

1. CN 7, 9 10 to Solitary nucleus
2. solitary nucleus to VPM
3. VPM to insula and frontal cortex

Question 24

What type of afferent fibers go to the solitary nucleus?

Answer 24

mechanical, chemical, thermal, and pain receptors

from solitary nucleus to visceral motor nucleus and reticular nuclei which produces autonomic reflexes

Question 25

What is main role of hypothalamus?

Answer 25

regulates the state of the ANS, controls reticular nuclei through the hypothalamospinal/ bulbar tract that controls pituitary gland

Question 26

What parts of cortex control hypothalamus?

Answer 26

cingulate cortex, insula, amygdala

if you see a bear the heart rate increases because of this- Adds fear

Question 27

What is a syndrome from damage to control centers of ANS?

Answer 27

Horner’s syndrome

main symptoms: 1. ptosis- eye drooping due to paralysis of sympathetic tarsal muscles

2. miosis- pupil constriction
3. anhydrosis- no water
4. enopthalmosis- eyeball falls back into orbit

Question 28

What causes Horner’s Syndrome?

Answer 28

damaged to sympathetic chain/ collateral ganglia

damage to interiomediolateral damage

damage to hypothalamus or tract