FCS - Week 1 Flashcards
Characteristics of computer ?
- Speed
- Accuracy
- Versatility - multiple type of work
- Diligency - never tired
- Reliability - not forget anything
- Automation
Types of software
- System softwares
- Application software
- Utility software - computer system related software or system utilities
Evolution of computers
- Abacus - 500BC
- Pascaline - 1642 Blaise Pascal (French Matmatician)
- Stepped Reckoner - 1971 , Gottfried von Leibniz (GermaN mathmatician),modified pascaline with multiplications, divisions and square roots
- Difference Engine -1822 Charles Babbage , MechanicaL model , solve algebric expressions , able to create tables up to 28 digits
- Analytical Engine
What is the earliest device of computing
Abacus . Invented around 500BC, simple addition and subtraction is carried out
What is the first mechanical calculator machine
Pascaline
Who is called the father of computer
Charles Babbage
What are the Generations of computers ?
Computers are classified into five generations
based on the technology used as they work and their size
What is the first generation of computers ?
1940-1956
Technology - vacuum tubes
Size - very large
Example - ENIAC,UNIVAC
Language - Machine Language
Punched cards are used, output on printouts
Cons - generate heat, consume high electricity,
Magnetic drums are used for secondary storage
What is the second generation of computers
1956-1963
Technology - Transistors
Size- is smaller compared to 1st generation
Example - IBM 1620, UNIVAC 1108
Language- assembly language & machine language
What is the third generation of computers ?
1964-1971
Technology - integrated circuits or ICs
Size - smaller compared to first two generations
Example - IBM 360, Honeywell 6000
Language - high level languages like ALGOL, BASIC,C
What is the fourth generation of computers ?
1971-1980
Technology - LSI & VLSI chips
Size - smaller
Example - IBM ,Apple Macintosh , Intel 4004 Series
Language - C, C++,Java
What is the fifth generation of computers ?
1980- on words, based on artificial intelligence
Technology - ULSI
Size - smaller
Example - laptops , supercomputers
Language- Mercury
Classification of computers based on logic ?
computers are of two types :
1. Analogue computers
2. Digital computers
Analogue computers Features - works on mechanical motion or flow of electricity, process continuous data, Limited memory, less accurate
What are hybrid computers ?
Hybrid computers are combination of analogue and digital computers , analogue input data is converted to digital data
Classification of computer based on size ?
- Micro computers - personal computer
- Mini computers
- Mainframe computers
- Supercomputers
Basic operations of in computer
- Input operation
- Data storage
- Processing
4 output - Controlling
A typical computer system consists of ?
- CPU
- Memory
- Input output interface
What is CPU and what is consists of ?
Central Processing Unit, consists of ALU,CU,& Registers
Who connect the components of CPU ?
Buses Are used to interconnect
Data Bus
Address bus
Control bus
How many types of bus ?
Address bus, data bus, control bus
What is the brain of computer system ?
CPU is the brain of computer system
What is the function of ALU ?
execute instructions, perform arithmetic and logic operations
What is the function of control unit ?
Control unit controls the whole computer system, control the transfer of data and instructions among other units
What are registers ?
Temporary storage areas
What are the building blocks of computer ?
Central Processing Unit
Input output unit
primary storage,
secondary storage
Types of memory in computer system
- Cache memory
- Primary memory
- Secondary memory
Types of primary memory or main memory
- RAM - Random Access Memory
- ROM - read only memory
What is cache memory
Cache memory resides between main memory and CPU, also known as CPU memory
What are the difference between static and dynamic Ram
Static RAM uses transistors
Dynamic Ram uses capacitive and transistors
Example of volatile memory
ROM is volatile memory
What are the different types of ROM ?
PROM - Programmmable ROM
EPROM - Electrically Programmable ROM
EEPROM - electrically erasable Programmable ROM, erased byte by byte
Flash EPROM -enter device is not the required by it
What is the different name of secondary storage
Secondary storage is also known as auxiliary memory, it is an non volatile memory
What is the spell of memory
Memory cell is used in in main memory it countries consists of 8 bits
What is most significant bit
In a memory cell of 8 bits leftmost bit is most significant bit
What is the least significant bit
In a memory cell of 8 bits right most best is least significant bit
What is memory address ?
Each cell of memory is identified by an numeric address
