Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LEVEL II > FCM 2ND BMEX > Flashcards

FCM 2ND BMEX Flashcards

1
Q

The following are ways in which outbreak is uncovered EXCEPT

a. Analyzing routine surveillance data
b. Reviewing reports by members of the public through social media platforms
c. Observing single events around the country
d. Comparing the number of cases from one region to another

A

d. Comparing the number of cases from one region to another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A decision by the health department to conduct an outbreak investigation is based on the following factors, EXCEPT

a. When the case fatality rate of a certain disease is very large
b. When control measures are futile
c. When the disease has high risk of complications
d. When others can be potentially affected unless prompt control measure are taken

A

b. When control measures are futile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following events warrants a field investigation?

a. A tertiary hospital has reported a case of botulism
b. City Z has detected five cases of dengue fever in one of its barangay with a population of 342,000 and testing through ELISA has identified dengue virus serotypes 1 to 4
c. An increasing number of influenza-like illness is noted in Municipality A and upon plotting, the alert threshold is not reached
d. After a flashflood in one of the lowlands in City F, officials noted around 9 cases of fever and body malaise among the flood victims

A

a. A tertiary hospital has reported a case of botulism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Field investigations are usually justified due to the following reasons. Which of the following is the most important public health reason for investigating an outbreak?

a. Research Answer
b. Political concerns
c. Disease control & prevention
d. Public health program concerns

A

c. Disease control & prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which among the following situations will highest priority be given to both disease control and investigation?

a. If the causative agent is known and source/mode of transmission is unknown
b. If the causative agent is unknown and source/mode of transmission is known
c. If the causative agent is known and source/mode of transmission is also known
d. If the causative agent is unknown and source/mode of transmission is also unknown

A

d. If the causative agent is unknown and source/mode of transmission is also unknown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In which situation will the lowest priority be given to investigation?

a. If the causative agent is known and source/mode of transmission is unknown
b. If the causative agent is unknown and source/mode of transmission is known
c. If the causative agent is known and source/mode of transmission is also known
d. If the causative agent is unknown and source/mode of transmission is also unknown

A

c. If the causative agent is known and source/mode of transmission is also known

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This is the first step in outbreak investigation

a. Prepare for field work
b. Establish the existence of an outbreak
c. Verify the diagnosis
d. Construct a working case definition

A

a. Prepare for field work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the final task in an outbreak investigation?

a. Evaluate hypotheses
b. Implement control and prevention measures
c. Initiate or maintain surveillance
d. Communicate findings

A

d. Communicate findings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

This refers to a standard set of criteria for deciding whether an individual should be classified as having the health condition of interest

a. Suspect case
b. Operational definition
c. Case definition
d. Standard description

A

c. Case definition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which of the following is not a dimension of sustainable development?

A. Social inclusion
B. Peace and security
C. Environmental protection
D. Economic growth

A

B. Peace and security

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The determination to end poverty and hunger, in all their forms and dimensions, and to ensure that all human beings can fulfill their potential in dignity and equality and in a healthy environment is a declaration on which of the following?

A. People
B. Partnership
C. Peace
D. Prosperity

A

A. People

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The determination to protect the planet from degradation, including through sustainable consumption and production, sustainably managing its natural resources and taking urgent action on climate change, so that it can support the needs of the present and future generations is a declaration of which aspect of the 5Ps?

A. People
B. Partnership
C. Planet
D. Prosperity

A

C. Planet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

To which does this declaration belong: We are determined to ensure that all human beings can enjoy prosperous and fulfilling lives and that economic, social, and technological progress occurs in harmony with nature.

A. People
B. Partnership
C. Planet
D. Prosperity

A

D. Prosperity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable.

A. Goal 1
B. Goal 2
C. Goal 3
D. Goal 4

A

A. Goal 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship.

A. Goal 1
B. Goal 2
C. Goal 3
D. Goal 4

A

D. Goal 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being.

A. Goal 1
B. Goal 2
C. Goal 3
D. Goal 4

A

C. Goal 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation.

A. Goal 5
B. Goal 6
C. Goal 7
D. Goal 8

A

A. Goal 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services.

A. Goal 5
B. Goal 6
C. Goal 7
D. Goal 8

A

C. Goal 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all and end open defecation, paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations.

A. Goal 5
B. Goal 6
C. Goal 7
D. Goal 8

A

B. Goal 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value.

A. Goal 5
B. Goal 6
C. Goal 7
D. Goal 8

A

D. Goal 8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces, in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities.

A. Goal 9
B. Goal 10
C. Goal 11
D. Goal 12

A

C. Goal 11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

By 2030, halve per capita global good waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses.

A. Goal 9
B. Goal 10
C. Goal 11
D. Goal 12

A

D. Goal 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and transborder infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on affordable and equitable access for all.

A. Goal 9
B. Goal 10
C. Goal 11
D. Goal 12

A

A. Goal 9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The international poverty line is capped at how much?

A. US $2.60 per day
B. US $2.90 per day
C. US $1.90 per day
D. US $1.60 per day

A

C. US $1.90 per day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Goal 3.2 states: By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25
per 1,000 live births. Which of the following statistics is not part of this target?

A. The Philippines’ 2030 target for under-5 mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) is 20.7 from a baseline of 20.7 in 2017
B. The Philippines’ 2017 data on neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) is at 14.0 and needs to achieve the target of 6.5 by 2030
C. By 2030, the Philippines’ target on Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births) is at 9.8 from 21 in 2017
D. By 2030, the Philippines has to achieve 100% of the proportion of births attended by a skilled health personnel from a 2017 baseline of 84.4

A

D. By 2030, the Philippines has to achieve 100% of the proportion of births attended by a skilled health personnel from a 2017 baseline of 84.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

This refers to using another’s words, ideas, results, or images without giving appropriate credit to that person, therefore, giving the impression that it is your own work

A. Medical misconduct
B. Plagiarism
C. Paraphrasing
D. Copyright infringement

A

B. Plagiarism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

This code of ethics for research was developed as a result of 23 doctors who were accused of committing abhorrent and torturous experiments during the Nazi war

A. Belmont Report
B. Helsinki Declaration
C. Nuremberg Code
D. World Health Assembly Declaration

A

C. Nuremberg Code

28
Q

The research idea should be converted into a research question. Which of the following is not a part of a research question?

A. Population
B. Exposure or Maneuver
C. Outcome
D. Research Setting

A

D. Research Setting

29
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of the National Unified Health Research Agenda (NUHRA) 2017-2022?

A. Responsive health systems
B. Holistic approach to health and wellness
C. Research in equity and health
D. Health balance

A

D. Health balance

30
Q

A relative risk (RR) of 1 means

A. the drug under study is more harmful
B. there is no difference in treatment and control
C. the drug of interest is better than placebo
D. the comparator is better than the study drug of interest

A

B. there is no difference in treatment and control

31
Q

Choose the correct sequence of conducting an outbreak investigation.

A. Prepare for fieldwork → Develop hypotheses → Establish the existence of the outbreak → Verify the diagnosis
B. Prepare for fieldwork → Implement control and prevention measures → Establish the existence of an outbreak → Verify the diagnosis
C. Prepare for fieldwork → Perform descriptive epidemiology → Develop hypotheses → Implement control and prevention measures
D. Prepare for fieldwork → Establish the existence of an outbreak → Verify the diagnosis → Develop hypotheses

A

C. Prepare for fieldwork → Perform descriptive epidemiology → Develop hypotheses → Implement control and prevention measures

32
Q

In order for a research question to address the different perspectives in research, the nature of the study must be communicated to the following EXCEPT

A. funding agency
B. ethics review board
C. you and fellow investigators
D. health ministry

A

D. health ministry

33
Q

Knowing what constitutes ethical research is important for all people who conduct research projects or use and apply the result from research findings, which is not an element of ethics in research?

A. Risks, benefits, and safety
B. Informed consent
C. Vulnerability of research participants
D. Compassion

A

D. Compassion

34
Q

In a clinical trial conducted by the happy group on a novel drug A, an anti-seizure drug versus Levetiracetam 1 gram, they were able to get a relative risk reduction of 92%. What does this mean?

A. Novel drug A is better than Levetiracetam by 8%
B. Novel drug A is tolerable by 92%
C. Novel drug A reduces risk of seizure by 92%
D. Novel drug A still needs a number needed to treat of 1 to achieve superiority over Levetiracetam

A

C. Novel drug A reduces risk of seizure by 92%

35
Q

Choose the CORRECT statement about risks, benefits, and safety in research

A. Research shall be conducted only if there is an acceptable positive benefit-risk ratio
B. The researcher/funder/sponsor shall endeavor to minimize the reasonable availability and accessibility of favorable research outcomes to the community
C. Every precaution shall be taken to maximize the negative impact of the study on the research participant’s wellbeing
D. A few researchers involving human participants shall be predicted by a careful assessment of predictable risks, burdens, and foreseeable benefits to the research participants or to other

A

D. A few researchers involving human participants shall be predicted by a careful assessment of predictable risks, burdens, and foreseeable benefits to the research participants or to other

36
Q

Included in the research agenda of the Dr. Jose P. Rizal School of Medicine are the following EXCEPT

A. Basic Epidemiologic Research
B. Environment and Sustainable Development
C. Curriculum Planning and Evaluation
D. Drug Development

A

D. Drug Development

37
Q

How can research ideas be well-defined? Choose the best answer.

A. Doing a lifetime research
B. Asking the experts
C. Brainstorming
D. Repeating a similar study

A

C. Brainstorming

38
Q

In the perspective of the research review board, several questions must be considered. Choose the question that is least considered.

A. Is this research scientifically sound?
B. Is it feasible?
C. Is it profitable?
D. Is it ethical?

A

C. Is it profitable?

39
Q

The determination to end poverty and hunger in all their forms and dimensions, and to ensure that all human beings can fulfill their potential in dignity and quality and in a healthy environment is a declaration on which of the following?

A. Prosperity
B. Peace
C. Partnership
D. People

A

D. People

40
Q

The research agenda of Xavier University is largely based on

A. research agenda of the different units
B. Department of Health agenda
C. priorities of the Commission of Higher Education (CHED)
D. sustainable development goals

A

A. research agenda of the different units

41
Q

This is the much broader statement about what the study aims to achieve overall

A. Purpose of the study
B. Specific objective Define specific research questions
C. Significance of the study
D. General objective

A

D. General objective

42
Q

The research question should contain six important elements. Which among the elements is usually implied?

A. Maneuver or exposure
B. Study population
C. Primary outcome
D. Biologic and/or theoretical rationale

A

D. Biologic and/or theoretical rationale

43
Q

Vulnerable participants are those who are relatively or absolute incapable of deciding for themselves whether or not to participate in a study. Which among the following is NOT a vulnerable participant?

A. Individuals with asymmetric power relations
B. Directors of regional offices of government agencies
C. Person with disability
D. Children

A

B. Directors of regional offices of government agencies

44
Q

This refers to using another’s words, ideas, results or images without giving appropriate credit to that person, therefore, giving the impression that it is your own work.

A. Paraphrasing
B. Copyright infringement
C. Plagiarism
D. Medical misconduct

A

C. Plagiarism

45
Q

Which of the following pertains to a primary outcome in a study?

A. A clinical trial on an anti-anginal drug A measures exercise capacity of individuals with ischemic heart disease
B. Age group of study participants in a study on the efficacy of anti-anginal drug A
C. Cholesterol levels of study participants in a study on the efficacy of anti-anginal drug A
D. Side effects of the anti-anginal drug A

A

A. A clinical trial on an anti-anginal drug A measures exercise capacity of individuals with ischemic heart disease

46
Q

This refers to the relevance of the study to an existing social or health problem such that the results are expected to bring about a better understanding of related issues or contribute to the promotion of wellbeing of individuals, their families, and communities, so that participation of human beings is allowed only if this is present

A. Social value
B. Significance of the study
C. Future use of the study
D. Social enterprise

A

B. Significance of the study

47
Q

Which among the following does NOT refer to a comparative maneuver under study?

A. Placebo
B. The test maneuver itself
C. Standard drug
D. Is the test maneuver better by 20%?

A

B. The test maneuver itself

48
Q

The NUHRA being realistic has the following features, EXCEPT

A. Political directions and implications were outlined to assure strong alignment with national policies
B. Partnerships among academics, government agencies, NGOs, the private sector, and other actors were formed to advance health research
C. Acute recognition of the diversity of interests among stakeholders
D. Evidence-based resources were used to promote informed decision-making

A

B. Partnerships among academics, government
agencies, NGOs, the private sector, and other actors were formed to advance health research

49
Q

Which of the following pertains to a specific objective?

A. To establish the XUJPRSM “School Early Warning Surveillance System” for infectious diseases
B. To develop a referral system that is cost-effective for the locality of Barangay A
C. To describe the health status of children below 12 years old of Purok 2A, Barangay Puerto, Cagayan de Oro City before their COVID-19 vaccination
D. To improve the quality of life of XUJPRSM students who have atopy

A

C. To describe the health status of children below 12 years old of Purok 2A, Barangay Puerto, Cagayan de Oro City before their COVID-19 vaccination

50
Q

The research idea should be converted into a research question. Which of the following is not part of a research question?

A. Exposure or maneuver
B. Outcome
C. Research setting
D. Population

A

C. Research setting

51
Q

Which of the following is NOT part of the National Unified Health Research Agenda (NUHRA) 2017-2022?

A. Health balance
B. Research in equity and health
C. Responsive health systems
D. Holistic approach to health and wellness

A

A. Health balance

52
Q

The NUHRA being inclusive has the following features, EXCEPT

A. Evidence-based resources were used to promote informed decision-making
B. Underrepresented sectors include marginalized precautions, NGOs, and private businesses
C. Widened scope of regional and national stakeholder mapping
D. Comprehensive discussions and materials on regional and national health issues, needs policies

A

A. Evidence-based resources were used to promote informed decision-making

53
Q

The following should be considered when selecting a topic for a research project, EXCEPT

A. scientific unit
B. medical utility and uniqueness
C. return of investment
D. organizational factors

A

C. return of investment

54
Q

The literature search starts with elaboration of the relevance of the study or topic of interest. Which of the following questions is unnecessary?

A. What is known about the study or research idea?
B. Are there similar studies?
C. Is there a specific rationale of the study?
D. Are the objectives of the study medical in nature?

A

D. Are the objectives of the study medical in nature?

55
Q

Which of the following is a valid source of a research idea?

A. Death certificates of individuals in the past 20 years
B. Personal problems
C. Top ten causes of morbidity and mortality
D. Gossips heard from colleagues

A

C. Top ten causes of morbidity and mortality

56
Q

This refers to the aggregation of cases in a given area over a particular period without regard to whether the number of cases is more than expected

A. Pandemic
B. Endemic
C. Clustering
D. Epidemic

A

C. Clustering

57
Q

Which of the following provisions of the Nuremberg Code is incorrect?

A. Research participants must voluntarily consent to research participation
B. Research aims should contribute to the good of society
C. Research projects can go forward where serious injury and/or death are potential outcomes
D. Research must be based on sound theory and prior animal testing

A

C. Research projects can go forward where serious injury and/or death are potential outcomes

58
Q

Which of the following is the most important (primary) validity guide when appraising an article on therapeutics?

A. Was the assessment of patients to treatment randomized?
B. Were patients, their clinicians, and study personnel “blind” to treatment?
C. Is the objective of the article comparing therapeutic intervention similar to your clinical dilemma?
D. Were the patients analyzed in groups to which they are randomized?

A

A. Was the assessment of patients to treatment randomized?

59
Q

Which of the following is a Philippine medical journal source?

A. NIHR Journals Library
B. HERDIN
C. COCHRANE
D. MEDLINE

A

B. HERDIN

60
Q

The following are the factors that involve the decision whether or not to investigate an outbreak, EXCEPT

A. number of cases
B. mode or ease of transmission
C. severity of the illness
D. unavailability of prevention measures

A

D. unavailability of prevention measures

61
Q

The following are general approaches to the conduct of literature search, EXCEPT

A. conduct of a pre-study survey to get a picture of the topic of interest
B. visit online medical sources
C. checking the literature database of the library
D. check the journals in the medical library

A

A. conduct of a pre-study survey to get a picture

62
Q

This attribute is considered as the most important for a researcher

A. Imagination
B. Intelligence
C. Passion
D. Creativity

A

D. Creativity

63
Q

This refers to the risk of events in the treatment group relative to the control group

A. Risk in control
B. Relative risk
C. Risk in treatment
D. Relative risk reduction

A

B. Relative risk

64
Q

Which statement is INCORRECT about privacy and confidentiality of information?

A. Where there is some likelihood or opportunity for the researcher to observe the occurrence of harmful behaviors, the researcher shall explicitly indicate the limits of confidentiality in the informed consent process
B. The researcher shall describe his or her data protection plan in the protocol
C. Researchers shall refrain from identifying individuals or groups when release of information about them can expose
them to possible harm or social stigma unless required by law
D. There shall be fair selection in the choice of population sampling and assignments

A

A. Where there is some likelihood or opportunity for the researcher to observe the occurrence of harmful behaviors, the researcher shall explicitly indicate the limits of confidentiality in the informed consent process

65
Q

Which of the following is not a dimension of sustainable development?

A. Economic growth
B. Peace and security
C. Social inclusion
D. Environmental protection

A

B. Peace and security

66
Q

This refers to a decision of a competent potential participant to be involved in research after receiving and understanding relevant information, without having been subjected to coercion, undue influence, or inducement

A. Informed consent
B. Risks, benefits, and safety
C. Vulnerability of research participants
D. Compassion

A

A. Informed consent

LEVEL II (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions