FCLE Flashcards
Democracy
Type of government where power is derived from the people either directly or indirectly
Representative Democracy or Democratic Republic
An indirect or a representative democracy where eligible votoers choose representatives to act on their behalf and make political decisions
Constitutional Democracy
A government that draws its legitimacy from an authoritative document that defines the nations system of government its laws and usually the rights of its citizens The Constitution is the supreme law of the land The Constitution describes who will make national laws who will enfroce them and who will interpret it
Social Contract Theory
The belief that people are free and equal by natural right but will give up some freedom to give power to the government so that the government can protect their rights
Consent of the Governed
The idea that our government derives its power from the people because we elect representatives to the legislative branch of government
Checks and Balances
Principle reflected in the Constitution that grants each of the three branches some control and scrutiny over one another
Separation of Powers
Refers to the division of government branches each with separate independent power and responsiblities so that the powers of one branch do not conflict with the others
Rule of Law
No one is above the law everyone must follow the laws regardless of their position of power this was established by the Magna Carta in 1215 everyone is equal under the law
Due Process of Law
Fair treatment through the normal judicial system
Equality Under the Law
Equal treatment and equal protection without the guarantee of equal outcomes
Popular Sovereignty
A belief that ultimate power resides in the people
Natural Rights
Rights people have by virtue of being human beings both the Declaration of Independence and Constitution address the governments role in protecting these rights
Federalism
A political system in which power is dividied between a central government and multiple constituent provincial or state governments
Concurrent Powers
Powers that are held by both the federal and the local governments
Equal Protection Clause
Clause in the Fourteenth Amendment that forbids any state to deny to any person equal protection of the laws this clause is the major constitutional restraint on the power of governments to discriminate against persons because of race national origin or sex
U.S. Constitution Article I Section 4
Grants the states the authority to determine the rules by which they elect their United States Senators and Representatives unless the United States Congress acts to change those rules
U.S. Constitution Article II Section 1
Provides that the President of the United States is elected by the Electoral College
Electoral College
The president is elected by a majority of electoral votes after an election a group of electors chosen by each state officially cast the electoral votes for their state to choose the President
Voter Registration Requirements in Florida
Be a citizen of the United States of America
Be a legal resident of Florida
Be a legal resident of the county in which you seek to be registered
Be at least 16 years old to preregister or at least 18 years old to register and vote
Not be a person who has been adjudicated mentally incapacitated with respect to voting in Florida or any other state without having your right to vote restored
Not be a person convicted of a felony without having your right to vote restored
County Supervisor of Elections
Florida has 67 counties each county has an elected supervisor who conducts elections within his or her county
Preamble to the Constitution
The opening section of the Constitution brief introductory statement of the fundamental purposes and guiding principles that the Constitution is meant to serve
Preamble to the Constitution
The opening section of the Constitution brief introductory statement of the fundamental purposes and guiding principles that the Constitution is meant to serve
Citizens may reflect the goals of the preamble through jury duty running for federal office registering for selective service or serving in the military
Legislative Branch
The United States Congress is bicameral consisting of two chambers the House of Representatives and the Senate Congress is the branch that is responsible for making the laws other powers include commerce taxing roads defense war citizenship the founders gave the most powers to this branch because it is made up of many representatives elected directly by the people
House of Representatives
The lower chamber of the US Congress the number of representatives from each state is based on population and each representative is elected by a district in their state its members serve two year terms also revenue and taxing bills must originate in the House
Speaker of the House of Representatives
The leader of the majority party who serves as the presiding officer of the House of Representatives and who is second in line to the Presidency after Vice President
Senate
The upper chamber of the US Congress with 100 members two from each state Senators serve six year terms and represent all of their states citizens they also have the power to approve treaties as well as judicial and executive appointments
President pro tempore of the Senate
Officer of the Senate selected by the majority party to act as chair in the absence of the Vice President who is the President of the Senate The President pro tempore is third in line to the Presidency after Speaker
Impeachment
A formal document charging a public official with misconduct in office The House of Representatives is responsible for the investigation and the Senate is responsible for holding a trial to determine removal
Enumerated or Expressed powers
Powers to the branches of government that are specifically stated in the Constitution
Implied Powers
Powers to the branches of government that arent stated in the Constitution
Elastic Clause
Is cited in the Supreme Court landmark case McCulloh vs. Maryland 1819 and expands the power of the Legislative branch
Executive Branch
Headed by the President and carries out the laws also includes the Vice President and the Cabinet members
President
Powers head of the executive branch enforces laws signs and vetoes bills negotiates treaties nominates Supreme Court justices Commander in Chief of the armed forces
Veto Power
Presidential power to stop a bill from becoming a law by rejecting it
Judicial Branch
The branch of government that reviews the law and interprets the Constitution it includes the Supreme Court and the lower federal courts
US Supreme Court
Nine justices nominated by President confirmed by Senate the highest court in the nation holds trial in limited matters in accordance with the Constitution and hears appeals in other matters of national importance interprets the Constitution using the power of judicial review
Chief Justice
The justice who presides over the Supreme Court
Judiciary Act of 1789
Establishes three tier court system District Appeals Supreme
Judiciary Act of 1869
Establishes current number of nine justices
Judicial Review Marbury vs. Madison 1803
The power of the court to determine if laws passed by Congress or state legislatures or the actions of the President or Governors are constitutional
Article IV National Unity
Establishes relationship between states and the US procedure for admittance of new states Full Faith and Credit Clause states must recognize the judicial proceedings and records of the other states
Article V The Amendment Process
Amending the US Constitution is a two step process Congress and State Legislatures that requires a supermajority because the framers do not want amending to be an easy process
Article VI National Supremacy
The Supremacy Clause makes the Constitution the supreme law of the land and states that states cannot pass laws that conflict with federal laws
Article VII Ratification
Required approval by conventions in nine states
Amendment 1
Freedom of speech religion press assembly and petition
Establishment Clause
No entanglement with government and religion this has been interpreted by the Courts as requiring a wall of separation Engle vs. Vitale 1862 no state sponsored prayer in public schools
Free Exercise Clause
First Amendment freedom of religion clause the freedom to practice any religion of your choice West Virginia vs. Barnette state law violated Jehovahs Witness students rights Wisconsin vs. Yoder 1962 free exercise outweighed states interest in compelling school beyond 8th grade where the school values were in sharp conflict with the fundamental mode of life mandated by the Amish Religion
Free Speech
Political speech is protected Gitlow vs. NY 1925 Symbolic speech is protected Texas vs. Johnson 1989
Student Speech Protected
Tinker vs. Des Moines 1969 Substantial disruption test Hazelwood vs. Kuhlmeier 1988 schools may limit student speech
Press
New York Times vs. Sullivan 1964 Freedom of press protected in defamation New York Times vs. US 1971 government cannot have prior restraint over press freedom
Amendment 2
The right to bear arms for self defense District of Columbia vs. Heller 2008
Amendment 3
Amendment that prohibits forced quartering of soldiers in private homes