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Question 1

How does the genetic code in a gene code for tubulin

Answer 1

• 3 bases code for one specific amino acid
• Sequences of bases/ triplets determine the sequence of amino acids

Question 2

Describe three cellular functions of the cytoskeleton

Answer 2

• enables organelles to move through vesicles in the cytoplasm
• can change shape of plasma membrane endo/exocytosis
• microtubules are involved in the formation of cilia that waft mucous in the airways

Question 3

Suggest two ways tubulin is essential for protein synthesis/ secretion

Answer 3

• movement of mRNA from nucleus to ribosome
• movement of polypeptides through RER

Question 4

Explain how to measure the diameter of the nucleus of a WBC, when observing the cells through a light microscope

Answer 4

1) Use eyepiece graticule
2) Calibrate graticule using stage micro meter
3) Measure the diameter of the nucleus in graticule units
4) Take repeat measurements and calculate a mean diameter
5) Use calibrated eyepiece units to calculate the diameter of the nucleus

Question 5

Two obvs that a cell is in G2

Answer 5

• Large number of organelles
• more DNA
• no visible chromosomes
• nuclear membrane present

Question 6

DNA precipitation practical

Answer 6

1) Mix culture of WBC with detergent
2)Add salt
3) Add enzyme
4) Place in water bath at 40 degrees
5) Filter culture
6) Gently pour ice cold onto the precipitate

Question 7

In what scenario would the cells not need to be crushed in DNA precipitation

Answer 7

When the cells don’t have a cell wall

Question 8

What enzyme is used in DNA precipitation

Answer 8

Protease - breaks down histone proteins associated with DNA

Question 9

Q10

Answer 9

rate of reaction (t +10 degrees) / Rate of reaction at T

Question 10

What makes glucose easily transported in animals

Answer 10

Polar