Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Flashcards
The process of fatty acid biosynthesis occurs similar to ___-____, though in ___.
- beta-oxidation
- reverse
Important distinctions:
Fatty acid synthesis up to palmitate occurs in the _____, but beta oxidation occurs in ___ ___.
- cytoplasm
- mitochondrial matrix
Important distinctions:
Fatty acids are built using an ____ ____ ____ (__), but beta oxidation uses ____.
- acyl carrier protein (ACP)
- CoA
Important distinctions:
___ is used to ___ electrons in synthesis, but ___ or ___ are used to ___ electrons in oxidation in the mitochondrion.
- NADPH
- donate
- NAD+
- FAD
- accept
Important distinctions:
A three carbon molecule, ___ donates ___ carbons to the growing fatty acid chain - a ___ ____ is lost in the process.
- malonyl-ACP
- two
- carbon dioxide
Beta oxidations yield:
two carbon acetyl-CoA units.
Synthesis of fatty acids longer than 16 carbons occurs in:
endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondrion
Oxidation of fatty acids longer than 16 carbons begins in:
peroxisomes
In fatty acid biosynthesis, a __-_____ intermediate is formed at:
- D-hydroxyl
- carbon #3
In fatty acid oxidation, an _-_____ intermediate is formed at:
- L-hydroxyl
- carbon #3
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the addition of a ___ ___ to ___-___ to form ___-___.
- carboxyl group
- acetyl-CoA
- malonyl-CoA
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is regulated ___ (inhibited by ___ -___ and activated by ___ ) and by ___ ___ (___ inhibits, ___ activates).
- allosterically
- palmitoyl-CoA
- citrate
- covalent modification
- phosphorylation
- dephosphorylation
Fatty acid biosynthesis occurs in the ____ and the fatty acids are built on:
- cytoplasm
- a ‘carrier’ known as acyl carrier protein (ACP).
To start the synthesis process, the __ is swapped for ___.
- Co-A
- ACP
Acetyl-CoA gets into the cytoplasm from the mitochondrion by the:
citrate shuttle.
Acetyl-CoA is linked to ____ in the mitochondrion to make ____, which is transported out and then citrate is cleaved to yield ____-___ and ____ in the cytoplasm.
- oxaloacetate
- citrate
- acetyl-CoA
- oxaloacetate
Malonyl-ACP is the ___ ____ for fatty acid biosynthesis.
Acetyl-ACP is the ___ ___ for fatty acid biosynthesis.
- adding block
- starting block
During fatty acid synthesis, _______ of malonyl-ACP yields a ___ ___ ___ to the growing fatty acid chain.
- decarboxylation
- two carbon addition
The two carbons from malonyl-ACP go onto the:
carboxyl end of the growing chain.
The numerous enzymes of fatty acid biosynthesis are contained in a:
multi-enzyme complex called fatty acid synthase
Fatty acids up to 16 carbons long are synthesized in the:
cytoplasm by the fatty acid synthase.
Synthesis of fatty acids longer than 16 occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum (or mitochondrion) catalyzed by:
enzymes called elongases.
Enzymes that produce unsaturation in fatty acid biosynthesis are called:
-desaturases
Desaturases employ an unusual electron transferring process initiated by:
donation of electrons from NADH and accepted by oxygen.
