Fats,oils, Soaps Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the Properties of oils

A
  • They are more unsaturated
  • Less packed together
  • Weaker LDFs
  • Liquid at room temperature
  • lower melting point
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2
Q

Explain the Properties of fats

A
  • more saturated
  • stronger LDFs
  • molecules pack tightly together
  • higher melting point
  • solid at room temperature
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3
Q

What are fats ?

A

A source of fat-soluble vitamins around the body

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4
Q

How can you make oils less unsaturated ( the gardening of oils)?

A

Oils can undergo hydrogenation making them less unsaturated

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5
Q

Are fats and oils hydrophilic or hydrophobic , and are they polar or non-polar?

A

Hydrophobic (water hating)

Non polar

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6
Q

Fats and oils are esters of ?

What is the ratio ?

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

1:3( 1 glycerol to 3 fatty acids)

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7
Q

Name the systematic name for glycerol

A

Propan-1,2,3-triol

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8
Q

What do emulsions do ?

Provide an example

A

They help water and oil milk

Example: milk

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9
Q

Name the process used to make soaps. And explain what happens in it?

A

Ester hydrolysis (process) (saponification)

Forming soaps = hydrolysis of fats/oils using bases

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10
Q

(Fat + oil + NaOH -> ? )

A

( fat + oil + NaOH -> glycerol + salt (sodium) )

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11
Q

Draw an ester link

A

Have to .

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12
Q

Fatty acids have how many ester links ?

A

3

Alkaline hydrolysis of these ester links forms glycerol and a salt (soap). The salt is soluble in water.

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13
Q

Name the process used to make soaps

A

Saponification

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14
Q

Explain saponification- making soaps!

Detailed answer please .

A

Hydrolysis of an ester is the opposite reaction to the formation of the ester. Therefore the products will be an alcohol (glycerol) and a carboxylic acid. The alkali used to catalyse the reaction is sodium hydroxide. This neutralises the acids formed. The fatty acids react with the NaOH and form salts. These salts are called soaps

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15
Q

The head and the tail in soaps. Which is covalent and which is ionic

A

Tail is covalent (hydrophobic, so it’s soluble in oil)

Head is ionic( hydrophilic and water soluble )

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16
Q

How does the head and tail work.

Detailed answers (3 marks)

A
  • the hydrophobic “tail” is attached to grease/oil and the hydrophilic head is attracted to the polar water molecules
  • this creates a ball-like structure
  • the ball structures repel each other and this keeps the oil suspended in water
17
Q

What is meant by an emulsion?

A

An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible