fats Flashcards
what are fatty acids
Long chains of carbons with a carboy group at one end and a methyl group at the other end. They are required for home production and cell structure
sources of fatty acids
Saturated - animal fats, plant oils
Monounsaturated - olive oil
poly unsaturated - nuts, seeds ,seed oils
What are the function/benifits of triglycerides
3 fatty acids - found in animal products
What is the function of trans fats
> 1% hydrogenated, inflammatory highly processed and very bad for health. Processing increases shelf life.
Where are transfers found
processed or fried foods and bulk items
what are Essential fatty acids -
Fats that are needed because our body doesn’t make them. they are used for cognivity, growth and develpemtn and hormone production . Found in Fish
Omega 6 - (LA+AA)
Needed for production of Arachidonic Acid -
Sources of omega 6
Sunflower seeds, tofu, eggs, vegetable oils, meats poultry
Omega 3 (EPA+DHA+ALA)
Anti inflammatory, enhances intracellular signalling , favourable effect on cell membranes. Essential .
Source of omega 3
Fish, soy, mussels red algae pumpkin seeds, walnuts green leafy veg chai seed
What is the omega 6 pathway
Linoleum acid (LA) converts to Gamma Linolenic Acid (GLA ) then converts this to Arachidonic Acid (AA).
What is the omega 3 pathway
Alpha linolenic Acid (ALA) converts to Eicosapentatnonic acid (EPA) which converts to Docosahexaedonci Acid (DHA)
how many bonds do monounsaturated fats have
1 bond
how many bonds do polyunsaturated fats have
> 1 bond
what is the recommended omega 6:3 ratio
no more that 2:1 - 1:1 is ideal
what do we have a high 6:3 ratio in western diets
processed foods generally cooked in omega 6 processed seed oils
list the Lioproteins
Chylomicrons - transport dietary cholesterol + triglycerides via lymphatic system to cells
LVDL - mainly triglycerides
LDL - Mainly cholesterol
HDL - mainly protein and anti inflammatory
discuss sterols
Classified as lipids even though they have different structures
No fatty acids
no glycerol backbone
no hydrocarbon chain
Cholesterol + phyosterols from plants
needed for bile acid production
Help produce sex hormones - testosterone, androgens and oestrogen , and vit D
What is Transamination
The transfer of nitrogen crops from an amino acid to a keto acid to make a non essential amino acid.
What vitamin is needed for Transamination to occur
Vitamin B6
What is Deamination
it is the process where the amino group (NH2) is removed from an amino acid, primarily in the liver, resulting in the formation of ammonia which is then converted into less toxic urea for excretion
