Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BPK 381 > Fatigue > Flashcards

Fatigue Flashcards

1
Q

give examples of acute and chronic fatigue

A
  • acute: 1 very long work day, travelers jetlag, events you have no control over
  • chronic: rotating hours of work, permanent night work, consistent irregular work hours, compressed work weeks, extended overtime
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List types of work that are susceptible to fatigue

A
  • 24/7 operations: truckers, manufacturers, service industry

- Professional service industry: doctors, nurses, airlines, police…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How can we measure fatigue

A
  • Qualitative or quantitative work
  • perceptions; interviews
  • questionnaires; Epworth sleepiness scale
  • fatigue risk index
  • EEG
  • flicker fusion tests
  • psychomotor tests
  • mental tests
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List physical and emotional symptoms of fatigue

A
  • Physical: Drowsiness, yawning, sore eyes, blurred vision, language impairment, slowed reflexes, microsleeps, automatic behavior
  • Emotional: bored, restless, depressed, giddy, grouchy, impatient
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe cognitive symptoms of fatigue

A
  • poor concentration
  • inability to remember recent things
  • Failure to respond to changes in surroundings
  • less alertness
  • poor logic/judgement
  • reduced decision making, innovation
  • decreased motivation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does fatigue impact the organization

A
  • increased absenteeism, increased turnover, decreased productivity, increased accidents, decreased social interactions, increased abusive behavior, decreased decision making, decreased engagement, increased liability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does fatigue affect society

A
  • increased motor vehicle accidents, stress related incidents, impact family relationships, community engagement, increased health related impacts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What individual factors cause fatigue

A
  • Sleep debt, long hours of activity, time of day/circadian rhythms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why do we need sleep

A
  • Restoration, growth, immune function, hormone release, unconscious thought processes, memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the stages of non-REM sleep

A
  • 1: 10-15 min, transition btwn awake and light sleep
  • 2: “clinical sleep”: BP/HR drop
    3/4: restorative sleep, body and mind repair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

differentiate cumulative and acute sleep debt

A
  • cumulative: More than 8 hours accumulation

- acute: less than 8 hours in the last 24 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What qualifies as long hours of work

A
  • more than 41 hours/week

- more than 8 hours a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How long hours of work affect our health

A
  • increased risk of smoking
  • increased risk of higher BMI (men)
  • unhealthy weight gain
  • increased alcohol consumption
  • increased mental health disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How long hours of work affect our performance

A
  • difficulty concentrating, weakness/dizziness, increased errors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

differentiate over arousal errors and under arousal errors

A
  • over: Errors of commission/over correction

- under: errors of omission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the purpose of circadian rhythms

A
  • endogenous clock for: body temp, metabolism, HR, BP, respiration, hormonal secretion, urine flow…
  • mismatch in circadian rhythm and behavior can lead to decreased performance, poor health, reduced sleep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the purpose of melatonin and what inhibits its release

A
  • regulates sleep wake cycle, anticancer hormone; prevents angiogenesis
  • light inhibits its release, particularly blue light
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define shift work

A
  • covers a broad spectrum of systems dividing 24 hrs into time spans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

define double day shift

A
  • 2 8 hour shifts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

define continuous/discontinuous 3 shift systems

A
  • continuous: normally 4 groups of workers operating the system and rotation occurs weekly
  • discontinuous: 3 groups of workers operate for 24 hrs over 5 days and nights
21
Q

Define split shift

A
  • splitting the daily hours of work into two or more shifts
22
Q

define permanent shifts

A
  • workers stay on one shift indefinitely
23
Q

define irregular shifts

A
  • shift duration and length are not defined in advance
24
Q

forward shift rotation

A
  • morning to evening to night
25
Q

backwards shift rotation

A
  • morning to night to evening
26
Q

compressed hours

A
  • any shift longer than 8 hours that results in working less than 5 days/week
27
Q

Why has there been an increase in shift work

A
  • technological advances
  • increased cost of equipment
  • 24 hr services
  • less energy during peak times
  • globalization
28
Q

Why do people choose to work shift work

A
  • they like the nature of the job
  • family
  • better pay
  • personal preference
29
Q

draw the model of shift work; consider initial effects; secondary effects; and negative outcomes

A

see lecture.

30
Q

What issues do young vs old individuals face when adapting to shift work

A
  • young: social issues

- old: physiological issues

31
Q

What individual factors make someone more or less susceptible to the negative effects of shift work

A
  • Attitude (biggest)
  • Women are more susceptible to social alienation
  • Neurotic extroverts are more suitable
  • Morning people are less tolerant
  • fitness levels may reduce fatigue and increase working memory
32
Q

How does task performance relate to circadian rhythm

A
  • Flucuations in alertness follow fluctuations in temperature
  • perception and decision making is most vulnerable in night work
33
Q

**? What organization factors are affected by shift/night work

A
  • Limited access to management as they often don’t work shifts
  • resources
  • training and support
  • pay incentives
  • lack of tools to track actual schedule
34
Q

Health effects of shift work

A
  • prone to GI disorders, weight problems, CAD/CVD, increased risk of cancer
35
Q

Mental health effects of shift work

A
  • evening shifts are associated with increased psychological stress
  • higher stress with high demand-low control shift work
36
Q

How does sleep change with shift work

A
  • shift workers get less sleep
  • sleep loss is greatest by last day of shifts
  • less REM sleep
37
Q

How does shift work affect social factors

A
  • disrupted social activities
  • night workers more prone to alcohol/drug abuse
  • increased divorce rate
  • isolated from friends/family
  • Split shift/irregular shifts are associated with the lowest work-life balance satisfaction levels while rotating shifts reported opposite
38
Q

How is safety and performance affected on the night shift

A
  • increased accidents
  • decreased performance
  • increased absenteeism on morning shift after night
  • increased absenteeism in second week of nights
39
Q

What are three ways in which night workers become an agent of risk

A
  • performance decreases leading to greater error
  • sleep loss leads to night shift paralysis; brain shuts down for microseconds
  • circadian dysfunction creates reckless attitude
40
Q

What types of legislation are in place to deal with the hours worked

A
  • federal/provincial legislation cover the hours worked; provide overtime pay (poor incentive, worsens the problem)
  • no legislation covers shift work practices
41
Q

how can we plan safe shift work

A
  • ensure workload/task demand exceeds employees ability to sustain work pace
42
Q

What types of organizational support should be available for shift workers

A
  • written policies/procedures
  • frequent assessments
  • management on all shifts
  • resources on all shifts
  • Support for families/spouses
  • supports for breaks
43
Q

What should be considered when doing a work shift assessment

A
  • review safety records
  • carry out field interviews/questionnaires
  • consider individual characteristics of workers: age, sex, drug/alcohol use, marital/family status, eating behaviours
  • work schedule/preferences
  • non-work activities/preferences
  • noisy sleep environments
44
Q

What environment issues should be considered in a work shift assessment

A
  • community and organization shift work history
  • health/safety/legal issues
  • demand for product/services
  • maintenance and support required
  • staffing requirements
    ….
45
Q

What is the best type of shift work/worst type

A
  • best: unknown
  • worst: Weekly backwards rotating shifts
  • Fixed shifts are better physiologically, but worse socially, rotating = opposite
46
Q

What should be considered with shift start times

A
  • avoid 5/6 am starts (shorter sleep, increased fatigue)
  • no more than 4 early starts in a row
  • shorten length of early shift to prevent fatigue later on
  • do not combined early and late shifts on consecutive days
  • rest perios of 24 h after each set of night shifts
  • EOWEO
47
Q

What types of support programs should be available for shift workers

A
  • training: teach about hazards, nutrition, sleep, fitness…
  • Provide daycare, food services, training/development
48
Q

Discuss 5 napping strategies

A
  • planning: nap prior to sleep loss
  • nap environment: laying down, quiet dark space
  • Timing: nap when the body is most receptive to it
  • Duration: 10-40 min
  • Sleep inertia: plan 15-20 wake up periods at night and 10-15 in day

BPK 381 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions