FAT vs FIT

Question 1

(Church et al,.2005) what did he suggest?

Answer 1

• Data suggest that within BMI categories, PA plays a significant role in “relative risk of death” Whereas individuals who have the same PA level show BMI does not have a significant role.
• This suggests Fitness level play a larger role in determining “relative risk of death” mores o than weight status
• Over the 16 years follow up, low fitness/ normal weight individuals saw a high death ratio more so than any other categories.
• The findings suggest PA is a greater risk factor for health more over than body weight.

Question 2

(Church et al,.2005) Cons of this study?

Answer 2

• This study used BMI scales as a way of testing an individuals weight. This is unreliable due to it not being able to measure muscle tissue, a DXA or waist circumference would be a more valid measurement.

Question 3

(Vaughn, 2008) What type of study and what did the findings show?

Answer 3

• A meta-analysis ( Strong due to joining of quantitive data from a number of studies.
• The findings suggest that being overweight does not increase the risk of death but physical inactivity does.

Question 4

(McCauley et al,.2007) Strengthened the findings of (Church et al,.2005) how?

Answer 4

• The findings suggested that low physical fitness is a strong risk factor for mortality more so than excessive weight. It also reported that excessive fat could also be good for us and increase survival rate, especially in individuals with CHD.

Question 5

(Van Djik et al,.2012) on metabolic health and glycaemic control, what did he find?

Answer 5

• He reported that one bout of exercise showed an improved glucose tolerance. (Bailey and Locke, 2012) strengthened these findings by investigating sitting, walking and standing and showed that if participants walked 2 minutes, 20 minutes after every meal the consumed then this would improve glycaemic control.

Question 6

(Pishcon et al,.2011) What did he measure?

Answer 6

• Physical activity through the use of self-port questionaires. However it can be argued that the results from this method are invalid due to prmotion of dishonesty when comleting forms.

Question 7

What did (Pishcon et al,.2011) find?

Answer 7

• Findings suggest that increasing PA reduces (TNF-R1, TNF-R2, IL-6,Leptin and CRP).

Question 8

(Milani et al,.2009) Strengthened the findings of (Pishcon et al,.2011) how?

Answer 8

• Reporting PA to reduce cytokine inflammatory marker CRP, however, it could be argued that this was due to a reduction in BMI and not PA and therefore needs further investigation.

Question 9

(Shelton and Miller, 2010) what do there findings suggest?

Answer 9

• The expansion of adipocytes cause an increase in Leptin and Adiponectin. This causes an increase in LDL and a decrease in HDL. This makes it more likely for fatty deposits to accumulate within the arteries and blood vessels, increasing the likelihood of a heart attack or a stroke.

Question 10

A conclusion of FAT vs FIT? (Stevens et al,.2001) ?

Answer 10

• (Stevens et al,.2001) concluded that both high levels of fat and low levels of fitness increased mortality from all health related risks, such as CVD. However for the public to reduce the risk of mortality, fit individuals should maintain a healthy weight and normal weight individuals whould atleast have a moderate level of fitness, this will help reduce the risk of mortality and metabolic/CVD that can occur due to increase adiposity and being unfit.