Fat Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

Vit A: Biochemical fxns

Answer 1

• Constituent of retinal visual pigments
• Eyes, epithelium, infections
• (FAM: Retin-A → retina → eye)

Question 2

Vit D: Biochemical fxns

Answer 2

• Hormone
  
  • (plasma membrane & nuclear receptor)
• Bones
  
  • (FAM: Drink milk - good for bones)

Question 3

Vit E: Biochemical fxns

Answer 3

• Antioxidant
• Neurologic
• (FAM: E is for Erythrocytes)

Question 4

Vit K: Biochemical fxns

Answer 4

• Essential for carboxylation of factors II,VII, IX, X, C, S
• (FAM: K for Koagulation)

Question 5

Vit A: Physiologic Metabolic Role

Answer 5

• Essential in the photochemical basis of vision
• maintenance of conjunctival membranes and cornea
• critical for epithelial cellular differentiation

Question 6

Vit D: Physiologic Metabolic Role

Answer 6

• Increases intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate
• increases bone resorption
• helps immune system
• Regulates cell growth & differentiation

Question 7

Vit E: Physiologic Metabolic Role

Answer 7

• Antioxidant, free radical scavenger
• Cell membrane stabilizer

Question 8

Vit K: Physiologic Metabolic Role

Answer 8

Coagulation

Question 9

Vit A: Major dietary sources

Answer 9

• Preformed Vit A: liver, dairy, egg yolks, fish oil
• Precursor beta-carotene: abundant in deep yellow/orange and green vegetables

Question 10

Vit D: Major dietary sources

Answer 10

• UV light converts Vit D to active form
• fish liver oils, fatty fish
• egg yolks
• fortified milk and formulas

Question 11

Vit E: Major dietary sources

Answer 11

• Polyunsaturated vegetable oils
• wheat germ

Question 12

Vit K: Major dietary sources

Answer 12

• Leafy vegetables
• fruits
• seeds
• synthesized by intestinal bacteria

Question 13

Vit A: Characteristic deficiency findings

Answer 13

• Night blindness, Xeropthalmia → extreme dryness of cornea, immune dysregulation.
• Used to treat measles
• Can be due to low fat intake or fat malabsorption

Question 14

Vit D: Characteristic deficiency findings

Answer 14

• @ children: Rickets
  
  • failure of maturation of cartilage & calcification on bones)
• @ adults: osteopenia/malacia, osteoporosis
• macrophages that can’t kill pathogens
• Due to: low sun exposure, dietary intake, fat malabsorption, obesity, liver/renal dz

Question 15

Vit E: Characteristic deficiency findings

Answer 15

• Irreversible neurologic degeneration (DTR go 1st)
• caues: Fat malabsorption syndromes, hemolytic anemia, premature infants

Question 16

Vit K: Characteristic deficiency findings

Answer 16

• Prolonged coag time
• hemorrhagic disease of newborn
• rash/skin findings
• causes: Chronic antibiotics, poor diet

Question 17

Circumstaces with increased risk of vitamin deficiency or toxicity

Answer 17

• Inadequate food intake/variety
• Fat malabsorbtion
• Pancreatic insufficiency
• Liver disease → low bile salts
• Protein energy malnutrition
• Increased nutrient requirements/metabolic demands
• Maldigestion
• Drug-nutrient interactions