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Biochem Exam 2 > Fat burning > Flashcards

Fat burning Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of an Acyl

A

fatty acid attached to something

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2
Q

Linoleic acid

A

18:2w6

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3
Q

linolenic acid

A

18:3w3

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4
Q

arachidonic acid

A

20:4w6

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5
Q

EPA

A

20:5w3

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6
Q

DHA

A

22:6w3

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7
Q

palmitic acid

A

16:0

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8
Q

stearic acid

A

18:0

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9
Q

oleic acid

A

18:1w9

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10
Q

where is the vast majority of TG’s stored

A

in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue

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11
Q

which fiber type stores 2-3 times more fat than the other

A

type 1 (aerobic) muscle fibers

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12
Q

normal populations have _____ IMTG concentration and _______ insulin sensitivity

A

lower; moderate

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13
Q

Athletes have___________ oxidative capacity, _______ concentrations of IMTG and ________ insulin sensitivity

A

elevated; higher; greater

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14
Q

obese individuals have ________ IMTG concentration and ________ insulin sensitivity

A

higher; low

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15
Q

TAG–> DAG

A

ATGL (adipose triglyceride lipase)

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16
Q

DAG–>MAG

A

HSL (Hormone sensitive lipase)

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17
Q

MAG–>FFA

A

MGL (monoacylglycerol lipase)

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18
Q

_______ energy charge prompts TAG breakdown

A

Low; because we want to make ATP

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19
Q

low glycogen ________ fat burning

A

increases

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20
Q

LCFA–>MAG

A

GPAT

21
Q

MAG–>DAG

A

AGPAT

22
Q

DAG–>TAG

A

DGAT

23
Q

what are the opposite of lipases

A

acyltransferases (GPAT, AGPAT, DGAT)

24
Q

Basal skeletal muscle LPL is _______ in trained versus non-trained individuals

A

higher

25
Q

what do lipoprotein lipases do?

A

break down lipoproteins at the surface of capillaries and release FFA’s into tissue

26
Q

energy charge of 0=

A

All AMP

27
Q

energy charge of 1=

A

All ATP

28
Q

What mobilizes the fat from TG form

A

Lipases

29
Q

what activates the fatty acid

A

Acyl CoA synthetase and pyrophosphatase

30
Q

what transports the FA into the matrix of the mitochondria?

A

CPT and Carnitine

31
Q

Explain Beta Oxidation

A

OHOT; O uses acyl CoA DH, H uses Enoyl CoA hydratase, O uses another CoA DH, T uses thiolase

32
Q

what stimulates lipolysis

A

epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH (cortisol)

33
Q

what inhibits lipolysis

A

insulin

34
Q

HSL is strongly inhibited by what

A

insulin

35
Q

What chaperone does a FA that is entering the muscle to be oxidized use

A

FABPc

36
Q

where is the FA activated?

A

outer mitochondrial membrane

37
Q

what is the rate-limiting step in fat burning?

A

CPT 1

38
Q

What are the products of Beta oxidation

A

FADH2 and NADH which will go to the ETS; Acetyl CoA enters the krebs cycle

39
Q

How many carbons shorter is the Acyl CoA each time you run Beta oxidation

A

2

40
Q

what are the two additional enzymes required for unsaturated fatty acid degradation

A

reductase and isomerase

41
Q

odd numbered double bonds use what enzyme

A

isomerase

42
Q

even numbered double bonds use what enzyme

A

reductase and isomerase

43
Q

an odd-chain FA gets degraded 2 by 2 just like an even chain FA but the difference is

A

they are left with propionyl CoA which gets converted into succinyl CoA and into the krebs

44
Q

how are hormones released

A

exercise or fasting

45
Q

what release fatty acids from TG’s

A

lipases

46
Q

what does fat burning make

A

ATP

47
Q

The most important lipase is

A

Hormone Sensitive Lipase

48
Q

inhibitors of fat burning

A

insulin, high energy charge (ATP), NADH or FADH2

49
Q

stimulators of fat burning

A

glucagon, low energy charge (AMP/ADP), NAD+ or FAD

Biochem Exam 2 (6 decks)

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