Fat burning Flashcards
What is the definition of an Acyl
fatty acid attached to something
Linoleic acid
18:2w6
linolenic acid
18:3w3
arachidonic acid
20:4w6
EPA
20:5w3
DHA
22:6w3
palmitic acid
16:0
stearic acid
18:0
oleic acid
18:1w9
where is the vast majority of TG’s stored
in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue
which fiber type stores 2-3 times more fat than the other
type 1 (aerobic) muscle fibers
normal populations have _____ IMTG concentration and _______ insulin sensitivity
lower; moderate
Athletes have___________ oxidative capacity, _______ concentrations of IMTG and ________ insulin sensitivity
elevated; higher; greater
obese individuals have ________ IMTG concentration and ________ insulin sensitivity
higher; low
TAG–> DAG
ATGL (adipose triglyceride lipase)
DAG–>MAG
HSL (Hormone sensitive lipase)
MAG–>FFA
MGL (monoacylglycerol lipase)
_______ energy charge prompts TAG breakdown
Low; because we want to make ATP
low glycogen ________ fat burning
increases
LCFA–>MAG
GPAT
MAG–>DAG
AGPAT
DAG–>TAG
DGAT
what are the opposite of lipases
acyltransferases (GPAT, AGPAT, DGAT)
Basal skeletal muscle LPL is _______ in trained versus non-trained individuals
higher
what do lipoprotein lipases do?
break down lipoproteins at the surface of capillaries and release FFA’s into tissue
energy charge of 0=
All AMP
energy charge of 1=
All ATP
What mobilizes the fat from TG form
Lipases
what activates the fatty acid
Acyl CoA synthetase and pyrophosphatase
what transports the FA into the matrix of the mitochondria?
CPT and Carnitine
Explain Beta Oxidation
OHOT; O uses acyl CoA DH, H uses Enoyl CoA hydratase, O uses another CoA DH, T uses thiolase
what stimulates lipolysis
epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH (cortisol)
what inhibits lipolysis
insulin
HSL is strongly inhibited by what
insulin
What chaperone does a FA that is entering the muscle to be oxidized use
FABPc
where is the FA activated?
outer mitochondrial membrane
what is the rate-limiting step in fat burning?
CPT 1
What are the products of Beta oxidation
FADH2 and NADH which will go to the ETS; Acetyl CoA enters the krebs cycle
How many carbons shorter is the Acyl CoA each time you run Beta oxidation
2
what are the two additional enzymes required for unsaturated fatty acid degradation
reductase and isomerase
odd numbered double bonds use what enzyme
isomerase
even numbered double bonds use what enzyme
reductase and isomerase
an odd-chain FA gets degraded 2 by 2 just like an even chain FA but the difference is
they are left with propionyl CoA which gets converted into succinyl CoA and into the krebs
how are hormones released
exercise or fasting
what release fatty acids from TG’s
lipases
what does fat burning make
ATP
The most important lipase is
Hormone Sensitive Lipase
inhibitors of fat burning
insulin, high energy charge (ATP), NADH or FADH2
stimulators of fat burning
glucagon, low energy charge (AMP/ADP), NAD+ or FAD
