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clinical anatomy > farm animals > Flashcards

farm animals Flashcards

1
Q

for beef quality assurance where should you keep all injections

A

keep all injections in front of the shoulder
SC and IM
no more than 10cc

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2
Q

where are the proper injections sites for BQA in cattle

A

-SC the triangle before jugular groove, prescapular, and under nuchal ligament
-IM smaller area, above the spine

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3
Q

what block is used for dehorning and where do you inject

A

cornual block
-injection is half way between the lateral cam thus of the eye and the base of the horn

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4
Q

for dehorning in cattle what is an addition thing you need to do for cows over 1 year old

A

additional ring block on caudal side of horn
-around base of horn

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5
Q

what blocks are used for dehorning in goats

A

cornual block (same as cattle) between the lateral canthus of the eye and base of horn
and
intratrocantar midway between medial canthus and medial horn base

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6
Q

what do you need to take precaution with when blocking goats?

A

toxicity

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7
Q

what block is the auriculopalpebral and where do you inject

A

-halfway between lateral canthus and base of the ear on zygomatic arch
-blocks motor to eyelids and orbicularis oculi muscle, used for easier exam of eye or proptosis of globe
NOT SENSORY BLOCK

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8
Q

what does the supraorbital nerve block block?

A

-blocks sensory and motor to the upper eyelid
-does NOT block orbicularis oculi muscle
-for lavage

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9
Q

what is the 4 point block

A

protect globe with finger
inject through conjunctiva
deposit lidocaine behind the globe within muscular cone

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10
Q

retrobulbar block

A

-going over the eyelid to deposit lidocaine behind the globe within muscular cone

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11
Q

Peterson eye block

A

-going behind the eye

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12
Q

how is the blood supply on the ear arranged in the goat and give the name

A

caudal auricular vein and artery
-arteries on either side with vein in middle

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13
Q

what is the vein used for ear

A

IV fluid therapy

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14
Q

what is the artery used for ear

A

arterial blood gas analysis

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15
Q

where is the injection site for excede in cattle

A

at the base of the ear

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16
Q

what is the torus liguae

A

normal structure at the base of the tongue that pushes food bolus onto the hard palate to squeeze liquids into esophagus

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17
Q

what is diastema

A

gap between premolars and canines
-allows safe passage of hand in the mouth

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18
Q

where does the esophagus lie relevant to the julgular vein

A

medio-dorsal to the juglar

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19
Q

at what 3 locations can you give a caudal epidural

A

-sacrococcygeal joint
-first intercoccygeal joint (better access)
-second intercoccygeal joint

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20
Q

when doing a lumbosacral epidural what are you blocking?

A

sensory and motor to caudal half of the body

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21
Q

epidurals are in the epidural space where there is no CSF and there is neg pressure

A

fact

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22
Q

if you go through the dura and get into the CSF, you are in the subarachnoid space and is called what/

A

spinal anesthesia

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23
Q

what are some indications for a caudal epidural

A

dysotica
c section
rectal prolapse
vaginal prolapse
uterine prolapse

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24
Q

when doing a lumboscaral epidural for a umbilical surgery what else would you have to do?

A

must do some local block cranial to umbilicus

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25
Q

where would you do a CSF aspirate

A

midline just caudal to a line connecting tuber coxae

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26
Q

what are the 3 techniques for a flank anesthesia

A

line block
inverted L
paravertebral block

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27
Q

what is the technique for a paravertebral block?

A

-proximal/dorsal
-distal/lateral (tip transverse process)
blocking nerves from T13 L1 L2

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28
Q

what are the landmarks for finding L1

A

you find the tuber coxae and cranial to that is L5 and then you count to L2 L1 T13

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29
Q

when doing a paravertebral block where is the nerve root located?

A

below the transverse process so you want to inject more volume below

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30
Q

what would you do if there is an esophageal forge in obstruction that won’t go with judicious force or if there is frothy bloat with severe abdominal distension and obvious resp distress

A

rumen trocar

31
Q

if a cow is having a recurrent bloat what can you do so they can eructate in a different way?

A

rumenostomy
-dorsal left paralumbar fossa

32
Q

when doing a flank laparotomy what muscles are you cutting through?

A

-external abdominal oblique
-internal abdominal oblique
-transverse abdominus

33
Q

what are the major structures on the left side of cow abdomen

A

rumen
greater omentum
reticulum

34
Q

what structures are located on the right side of the cow abdomen

A

omasum
abomasum (ventral)
spiral colon

35
Q

what is function of the reticular groove

A

facilitates flow of milk from esophagus directly into omasum and abomasum thereby bypassing the reticulum and the rumen

36
Q

what are the fore stomachs

A

rumen
reticulum
omasum

37
Q

what does a left sided ping indicate?

A

LDA
rumen gas gap
pneumoperitoneum

38
Q

on the right side where do you listen for auscult and percuss

A

centered over 10th-11th ribs

39
Q

what does a right sided ping indicate

A

RDA
colonic distension
cecal dilation
abomasal volvulus
pneumoperitoneum

40
Q

location of where to do rumenocentesis

A

below rib 13

41
Q

why would you do an abdominocentesis

A

peritonitis
intestinal accidents
intra-abdominal neoplasia
ruptured bladder

42
Q

when doing a liver biopsy what are the major landmarks

A

-intercoatal spaces 9 10 or 11
-between two lines from tubercoxae to the shoulder and the elbow

43
Q

what do you perform when you want to retain a corrected uterine prolapse?

A

buhner stitch
-incision ventral to vulva up to dorsal

44
Q

for a rumen trocar where would you place it

A

-dorsal to release gas
-not ventral bc release rumen fluid

45
Q

when do you do a episiotomy and where do you cut?

A

done during a dystocia
-cut at 10 o’clock and/or 2 o’clock

46
Q

what are common places for stones to be when blocked?

A

urethral process (small ruminants)
sigmoid flexure

47
Q

what structure makes it hard to pass a catheter into bladder of bull

A

urethral diverticulum

48
Q

function of cremaster muscle

A

raise and lower the testes in order to regulate scrotal temp

49
Q

what is the function of the retractor penis muscle?

A

retract penis into sigmoid flexure

50
Q

which rib landmarks do you listen for lung auscultation

A

caudal border dorsal to ventral
rib 11, 9, 7 ,5 (point of elbow)

51
Q

if there is swelling along the coronary band what joint might be infected?

A

the distal interphalangeal joint

52
Q

what part of the hoof bears the most weight?

A

hoof wall

53
Q

what area do you inject pigs?

A

behind the ear

54
Q

in pigs what is the main site you will give something IV or give IV fluids to?

A

ear vein

55
Q

in comparison with goats and pigs what is the major difference between their uterus

A

the pigs uterus is much larger
-very long uterine horns that take up lots of space

56
Q

what structure could boars ejaculate into and prevent them from breeding or could be impacted by smegma?

A

preputial diverticulum

57
Q

when dealing with a rectal prolapse what would you do to fix that?

A

purse string suture around the rectum

58
Q

when doing a rectal amputation what is an important you should do?

A

analgesia
-caudal epidural

59
Q

what two pathogens cause turbinate rhinitis?

A

bordetella bronchispetica
pasturella multocida

60
Q

what pathogen causes progressive turbinate rhinitis?

A

pasteurella multocida

61
Q

what pathogen causes non-progressive turbinate rhinitis?

A

bordetella bronchiseptica

62
Q

what is the one thing about the GI of a pig that makes them similar to ruminants?

A

spiral colon

63
Q

what is important in closing when doing pig castration on large pig?

A

close the inguinal ring

64
Q

what does foot rot infect

A

the distal interdigital space (space between hoof)

65
Q

when doing a digital/claw amputation what phalanx are you transacting?

A

proximal phalange
P1

66
Q

when doing a digital/claw amp what are you aiming to keep in tact?

A

cruciate ligament
proximal interphalangeal lig

67
Q

what is the function of the perioplic corium

A

helps produce the coronary band

68
Q

what is the function of the parietal corium

A

produces hoof wall

69
Q

what is the function of the lamellar corium

A

anchors claw to coffin bone

70
Q

what bones are most common to get sequestrum

A

fused 3rd and 4th metacarpal/metatarsal
(cannon bone)

71
Q

why can you have unilateral infection in just one of the tendon sheaths and not the other?

A

sheaths don’t communicate

72
Q

when doing an a digital amp on a cow and you are trying to block the area what is the process?

A

you are putting a tourniquet above the accessory digit or declaw and then you are going to inj lidocaine into the common digital vein to block the area

73
Q

where do sole ulcers most commonly occur

A

flexor process of P3 corium becomes pinched

clinical anatomy (3 decks)

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