Family resources final Flashcards
1
Q
Families should spend what Percent of housing?
A
25 - 35%
2
Q
In order for a product to be labeled organic it has to be…
A
95%
3
Q
Needs vs. wants are impacted by
A
Time
Context
Personal choice
Change from day to day
4
Q
A model that assess one’s internal/external and positive/ negative attribute used in families with individual in business
A
SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats)
5
Q
Program for pregnant women up until the age of 5
A
WIC (women, infants, and children)
6
Q
SES (social economic status) classes
A
Poverty level and below - depends on cash, saving is a lower priority, and money is shared between family
Middle class - short term savings, management in money, and retirement
Upper class - philanthropy, travel, and old money vs. new money
7
Q
Two incomes without children
A
DINK (dual income no kids)
8
Q
Benefit for excused absences for the birth of a child, adoption or to care for a family member or self due to illness
A
FMLA (family medical leave act)
9
Q
Pt. 1 Health insurance for those 65 years and older
Pt. 2 health insurance for low income/ disabled individuals that qualify
A
Pt. 1 - Medicare (elderly)
Pt. 2 Medicaid (for low-income)
10
Q
Fund community programs, parks, and other public resources
A
State taxes
11
Q
Funds public programs, military expenses, and federally funded programs
A
Federal taxes
12
Q
Medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account
A
The core values of money
13
Q
Leaving one job for training, advancement, and being temporarily out of the workplace (voluntary)
A
Frictional employment
14
Q
seasonal workers due to recession or lag (involuntary)
A
Cyclical employment
15
Q
Layoff due to technology (involuntary)
A
Structural employment
16
Q
Shared understanding, patterned characteristic response, unwritten, formed over time, and difficult to change
A
Family rules
17
Q
Goals that are more than more than 1 year
A
Long term goal
18
Q
Less than 3 months
A
Short term goal
19
Q
3 months to a year
A
Intermediate goal
20
Q
Area that does not have access to fresh fruits and veggies
A
Food desert
21
Q
Approximately ¼ of families are…
A
Poverty level or below
22
Q
2035
A
year that social security will expires because life expectancy is increasing
23
Q
What percentage of adults are obese
A
42.4%
24
Q
Food program that one can not purchase hot foods nor paper products
A
SNAP (supplemental nutrition assistance program)
25
A benefit that provides temporary cash assistance to individuals and families
TCA
26
Food program for low income individuals that qualify and the relationship with the Dept. of Agriculture
SNAP because its funded by the department of agriculture
27
Geographical location, education, and family composition
the impacts on one's potential earned income wage
28
Program for children of low income families to get a jump start on their educational skills
Head Start program
29
Economic unit, shared identity to the group, and committed to maintaining the group over time
Definition of a family
30
Lack of access to technology due to one’s financial resources/income
Digital divide
31
65 years of age
Qualifies you for medicare
32
Those that are considered more tech savvy, articulate and educated
Millennials (Gen Y)
33
Assets - ones liabilities:
Net worth
34
Evaluate needs
Recognize, identify, evaluate, select, and reflect
35
Influences on resource management
Historical: war, recession, and pandemics
Environmental: food desert, rural or urban areas, and gentrification
Cultural: culture, diversity, and family experience
36
Orientation of cultural values
Human nature
Man and nature
Time
Human activity
Human relations
37
Multidisciplinary perspectives
Psychological
Sociology
Social psychology
Cultural anthropology
Economics
Biology
38
3 factors of a resource
Culture, environment, and accessibility
39
Polygamy
1 person, 2 spouses or more
40
Polyandry
1 woman, multiple husbands
41
Polygyny
1 husband, multiple wives
42
Modern family
Male, female, and children
43
Democratic family
People marry in considerations of providing and nurture
44
Companionate family
Marriage out of love
45
Post modern family
Out of love, nurture, and providing
46
Commodities
Measure it, keep it, save it, waste it
47
Functions of theories
Describe, sensitize, integrate, explain, and value
48
Theories
Family systems - functions as system
Social exchange - human relationships are rooted in the exchange process
Symbolic interactionism - interactions between that family which creates that families reality
Family development - time and history
Family strengths - focuses on family strengths while ignoring the flaws
Feminist - pro women
49
Quantitive vs. qualitative
1. Collect with survey, seeking correlation, reported using numbers and percents, findings are generalized
2. The researcher is the instrument, seek a pattern, words and description are the form for reporting, findings are centralized
50
Types of poverty
Situational - any situation that causes a family to be impoverish
Absolute - born into/generational (long-term)
51
Maslows hierarchy of needs
(Bottom to top)
Physiological - food, water, shelter, and excretion
Safety - physical, financial, free from harm and deformation
Love and belongingness - interpersonal relationships
Esteem - self-esteem, status, and respect for self and other
Self-actualization
52
Consumer resource exchange model (CREM)
A model that explain how families manage their resources to meet needs[
53
Change of needs
Circumstances
Personality
Economic statutes
Technology
Life span
Culture
Gender difference
54
Kohlbergs sequence of moral reasoning
Pre-conventional - obedience and punishment, individualism, and exchange (child)
Conventional - “Good boy/ Good girl”; law and order (adolescence)
Post-conventional - social contract; principled conscience (adulthood)
55
Values across the life span
Cohorts of generations
Baby boomers: between 1947 and 1964
Changes in international travel experiences
56
Value vs. moral
Measure of exchange
Subjective and personal in nature
Religious and spiritual framework (moral)
Universal value
Cultural and social value
57
Learned predisposition
Responding in a consistent manner to any given object
58
Characteristics of a resource
Utility, accessibility, transferability, interchangeability, and manageability
59
Types of resources
Status, information, money, goods, services, and love
60
Kinds of resources
Human - people as resource, cognitive or mental resources are the most important
Economic - gained acquisition or inheritance, benefits account for 30% of labor costs, Human Resources for employees are the largest expense
Environmental -
Resources in the physical environment
Coal and fossil fuels are non-renewable
Renewable vs non renewable resources are in limited quantities
Social -
Resources found inside family such as caring and meeting the needs of family members, communication, relationship skills, and traditions/history
61
Measure of resources
Culture, equity, and envoiroment
62
Resourcefulness
The ability to identify and use resources to meet needs effectively
63
Orchestration power
A power to make major decisions that determine the lifestyle
64
Primary types of tax benefits
Income tax
Social security (deferred)
Medicare (deferred)
65
Medicare
65 years or older
Employees pay 1.45% of their income
66
Government supported assistance programs
Public programs:
Tax dollars
Higher accountability
Qualification
Private programs:
Donations
More or less discriminatory
Some qualifications
67
Education
Federal level - 10% funds education, dept. of ed, dept. of health and human, dept. of ag
State level - centralized curriculum, teach license, spec ed, budget
Community level - daily operations, budgeting by locals, financial management, policy making by school board
68
Specific goals
Societal - “towson society wants more recyclable attitudes by 2025”
Family - family orientated
Personal - based on you
69
Goals must be
Reasonable, understood, specific, and measurable
70
Planning
Directional - moves along a path
Proactive - creating a reality before it happens
Reactive - responding to a situation already occurred
Strategic - strategy (most effective)
SWOT
Contingency plan - back up
71
Budgeting
Salary - yearly
Hourly - by the hour
Net - after tax
Gross - before tax
Variable expenses - groceries
Fixed expenses - car payments
Surplus - too much
Deficit - too little
72
Components of interpersonal communication
Message - info
Channel - mode
Encode - producing the message
Decoding - understanding
Sender - sends communication
Reciever - receives communication
73
Negative impacts on communication
Filters - the message received is not in its true form
Distorts - the message has a hidden meaning
High context - a persons words has more meaning then their body language
Low context - a persons body language has more meaning than there words
74
Family communication patterns
Consensual - high conversation; high conformity (maintain family hierarchy while also allowing expression)
Pluralistic - high conversation; low conformity (very supportive and active conversationists and don’t apply pressure to conform)
Laoisrez faire - low conversation; low conformity (don’t communicate often and when they do they aren’t active)
Protective - low conversation; high conformity (very big on obedience and doesn’t allow for opinions)
75
Men and women
Men - report communication (conversations meant to convey information)
Women - rapport communication (intimacy)
76
Johari Window
Open self
Blind self
Hidden self
Unknown self
77
Verbalized power
Withdrawal
Guilt induction
Politic coercion
Negotiation
Deception
Black-mail
Physical/verbal abuse
78
Managing conflict through communication
Aggressive- taking someone’s power
Manipulative - use ways to make someone feel sad or guilty to win the argument
Passive - submissive
Assertive - become your advocate, voice your feelings without taking power
Passive aggressive - indirectly expressing negative feelings
79
Communication theory
4 horsemen of the apocalypse - criticism (attacking ones character), content (communicating disgust for the other), defensiveness (make people feel like they are the reason), and stone-walling (turn away from the conflict of the relationship)
Conflict
Conflict resolution- process of census
Conflict is inevitable in any family
80
Group dynamics
Factors affecting outside groups
Similarities: outside and family groups
Differentiating family from organization
Emotional contagion: an important factor group members emotions impacts overall vibe
81
Group think
Ignore ideas different from theirs and the way the group thinks
82
Social responsibility
Org. Or individual that is obligated to act to benefit society at large by protecting and improving welfare of society
83
Corporate social responsibility
Not only profit but environment (people, profit, and planet)
Eclober - organic
EPA - environmental protection agency
OFPA - organic food production act
84
3 pillars of society
Environmental - ecosystem (planet)
Social - communities (people)
Economics - sustainable practice (profit)
85
Wellness wheel
Spiritual - difficult to characterize and religion is distinct
Social - community, family cultural identification
Environmental - recycling and making a difference
Emotional - comfortable with ones own emotions, family is a safe environment, self esteem
Occupational - wellness within workplace, spillover, and promotion
Physical - obesity, nutrition, and excersise
Intellectual - importance of education
86
Individual responsibility factors
Education, sex, and age
Happiness is highly subjective
Work contributes to social responsibility
Families basic function within society
87
Lifestyle changes
Advances in tech
- household appliances
- enables independent functioning
- Online shopping
*elderly and disabled benefit from tech*
88
Health care
Health care in the US
Latest developments in medical care
Banking of umbilical cord blood
Stem-cell research
Health care of the elderly
Increase in health care expense
IVF - for same sex or hetero relationship
89
Education
Future of tech - based education
Dement of tech education
*no access to tech, super academically*
90
Impact of technology
Technostress: info overload (elderly)
Creation of separsits
91
Family structure
Major and committed relationships
Major reason for delayed marriage
Cohabitation - living together
LAT - living apart together (financially independent)
*higher educated middle income - marriage thrives*
92
Children
Drop in fertility rate (women in the workforce)
93
Economic divide
The American dream
5% are in the higher chase
Income inequality in America
Reasons for growing income divide
- declining family income
- increasing recital and ethnic gap
94
Aging population
Economic stress caused by social security
The of aging survey
Groups of aging adults
95
Women in the work force
Glass ceiling effect - women and minorities where you can see through the glass but you can’t get over it
19th century - support in the home/team player
Civil war/world war 2 - few worked outside the home
1940s - men joined the army/ women in production and management positions
1950s - women returned home
1950s to 2001 - more women in the labor force in large numbers
20th century - 47% women in the labor force/7 out of 10 mothers are employed
96
Home and business management
Era 1: 1900s-1930s the study and brace the idea that units, whether family or company, operate within a greater system, impacting and being impacted by that system. Both fields focused on the value of application in there emerging sciences through stimulated learning opportunities, and both factors work continuing to establish there relevance to the society in general.
Era 2: 1940s-1950s The study of home economics came into direct alignment with the field of business management. During this time new household equipment was tested, improved, and incorporated into the vision of the modern home. Efficiency of completing household tasks, saving wasted steps and movements in the process, and simplifying and standardized work units became key research and application projects.
Era 3: 1950s-1960s Because of the womens movement having their roles changes and males questioning as well… work performance within the home, and more energy was devoted to understanding the family unit and its interaction with the greater social structure. This model lead to changes in the field of business management.
Era 4: 1970s-1980s During these two decades the home economics programs were it serious risk for being eliminated in schools. The realm of business management during this time was developing into two distinctive camps: protecting and empowering employees. Quality control, and especially quality circles, became popular management techniques.
97
Monetary benefits
Legal System: a procedure or process for interpreting and enforcing the law.
Life insurance: a contract between an insurance policy holder and an insurer or assurer, where the insurer promises to pay a designated beneficiary a sum of money upon the death of an insured person.
FMLA: Family And Medical Leave Act; certain employers, including the State of Maryland, to grant job- protected leave to employees
Social security benefit: payments made to qualified retired adults and people with disabilities, and to their spouses, children, and survivors.
IRS: Internal Revenue Service; responsible for collecting taxes and administering the Internal Revenue Code, the main body of the federal statutory tax law.
SNAP: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; assistance to more low-income households during an economic downturn or recession and to fewer households during an economic expansion, serving as an automatic stabilizer to the economy.
98
Types of marriages
Interracial: two people; different race
Interethnic: two people; different ethnicity
Interfaith: two people; different religion
Intrafaith: two people; different take on same religion
99
Four functions: Juliet Mitchell’s theory
Production
Reproduction
Socialization
Sexuality
100
When did home economics and domestic science start in schools
1899 and 1909
101
Morill Act - land grant bill
States provide cash for the development
Ag programs
For the working class
102
Assessing ones quality of life
Dependent on a persons evaluation of themselves
Depends upon circumstances and is constantly changing
103
Research studies
Feather: consider the consequences
Sherif and Sherif: conception of ways of life; perception
Fishbein and Ajzen: attitudes are dynamic;attitudes change with education and experience
104
Dupont
actions motivated by needs and values.
105
Motivator for purchasing
Quality - integrity - tradition - achievement - self expression
106
What can you not purchase through snap
Beer, wine, cigarettes, tobacco, non food items, and hot food
107
SNAP frauds
Recipient fraud - trafficking
Retail fraud
Income eligibility determinations
108
Components of human capital
Ability, behavior, effort, and time
109
Living wage
basic wage that is used to describe a wage rate that would allow wage earners to provide for their families above poverty level
110
Consumerism
The relationship between individuals and the economic system
Acquiring material goods and financial wealth - need to build future holdings - sustainability
111
Industrialization
During the 1800s - increased participation of US families in the economic system
Goods and services developed due to:
Telegraph (improved communication)
Telephone lines
Mechanical and electrical interventions (power driven machinery, switch to hand tools, the use of machinery, and the adoption of the factory system)
Mass production
112
Economy in 1929
Stock market crashed
Great Depression
End of WW2
The gov. Spent more money on rebuilding the economy
Passage of the employment act: the use of congress manipulating the tax system to gain more revenue
113
Current day consumerism
Attempts to raise the failing economy
- the US recession of 2008 (the American recovery and reinvestment act was increased the unemployment insurance and lowered interest rates four banks)
- the global recession due to the Covid-19 pandemic (grants and loans to businesses so they could survive event though the gov. Had very little strategy to reduce the impact; stimulus checks
114
Economics
Is the study of how resources are expended to fulfill the needs and wants of individuals, families and social groups.
115
COLA
Cost of living adjustments (impact a persons salary)
116
Economic principles pt. 2
Income Fluctuations (SES classes)
Expenditure showing income differences.
Gambling: more in low-income groups.
Tobacco: more in middle-income groups.
Spending habits of self-made millionaires. (More simplistic life, drive used cars, coupons, middle class housing, etc. average of 7% to philanthropy)
117
Economics pt. 3
Income Fluctuations
Various reasons of income change. (Financial situation)
Categories that reveal family expenditures. (Housing, utilities, food, etc)
Social implications of food. (Cost of food from organic to conventional)
Income spent of food. (Supplemental programs)
118
Monetary functions
Medium of exchange (bartering system) - A store of value (value of a dollar versus a peso) - unit of account (liquid of assets: equally transferable to money)
119
Essential to production and consumption
Time (the time used to create the item), skill (the person that goes out and teaches others to use it), energy, and knowledge (ability to create the item)
120
Decision making process with pricing
Adjustments to increasing costs:
Accommodate
Substitute
Find savings
Switch vendors
Use coupons or rebates
121
Buying behavior
Taste ( brand names, feels, smells )
Fashion ( social membership, make, etc. )
Innovation ( new and replacements )
122
Opportunity costs
Impacts loss of advancement, job skills and investment in the home and children
Decision making factors/Cost benefit analysis:
Quality of childcare available
Participation of the father parenting and housekeeping
Personal & social values
Type of position
123
Goals implementation for families
Possible reasons for lack of success:
–Too many goals
–Crisis management for limited resources
–Gresham’s law of planning
–Loss of motivation
124
Positive psych
Strategies:
1.Affect regulation
2.Interpersonal strategies
3.Problems solving/task management
125
Affect regulation
Defined as emotional reaction experienced by family members during the implementation phase
Impacts:
–Blocked
–Threatened
–Management of negative reactions
–Depression
–Anger
126
Affective tendency
Describes how a situation is rationalized
Optimisium - looking at things from a better perspective; being positive
Pessimesium - looking at things negatively
127
Interpersonal strategies
Include assertive communication without dominance over others
Components of the communication:
●Open
●Direct
●Person is acting on their own interest
128
Problem solving/task management
Includes:
oSelf monitoring
oContinual monitoring of the environment
oProblems are viewed as discrepancies
*Idea of resilience*
129
Delegation
Is an opportunity for leaders to help develop the skills of others involved in the implementation progress
Roles:
Leader- focus on time and energy on other matters
Member- grow, mature while fulfilling the assigned responsibility
130
Principles that enhance success through delegation
Determination those things that require your attention and those that can done by others
*Realize that delegated actions may not always meet your personal standards
*Don’t underestimate the abilities of others
*Focus on communication
*Make assignments easy enough to complete, but challenging and enjoyable
*Include assignments that have decision making and allow that authority
131
Motivation
Impacts outcomes which are determined by drives
●Mixed-motive situation
●Self-control
●Delayed gratification
●Intrinsically beneficial
●Extrinsically beneficial
132
Family business succession
Planning for the transfer of a business is important:
1.Emotions are high due to the family loss
2.Decisions under stress can cause conflict amongst family members
3.Inadequate planning breaks family business
133
Ways that families cope with unacceptable risk
➢Condition or behavior terminated
➢Treated or managed with control measures or contingency plans
➢Accept the risk and live with the outcomes
➢Move or transfer the risk impact to another entity i.e. insurance
134
Types of insurance
Health insurance
*Automobile insurance
*Life insurance
*Homeowners/Renters insurance
*Supplemental insurance (Afflac)
*Cellular insurance
135
Time is a…
Commodity
