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Final Exams > Family resources final > Flashcards

Family resources final Flashcards

1
Q

Families should spend what Percent of housing?

A

25 - 35%

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2
Q

In order for a product to be labeled organic it has to be…

A

95%

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3
Q

Needs vs. wants are impacted by

A

Time
Context
Personal choice
Change from day to day

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4
Q

A model that assess one’s internal/external and positive/ negative attribute used in families with individual in business

A

SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats)

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5
Q

Program for pregnant women up until the age of 5

A

WIC (women, infants, and children)

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6
Q

SES (social economic status) classes

A

Poverty level and below - depends on cash, saving is a lower priority, and money is shared between family

Middle class - short term savings, management in money, and retirement

Upper class - philanthropy, travel, and old money vs. new money

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7
Q

Two incomes without children

A

DINK (dual income no kids)

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8
Q

Benefit for excused absences for the birth of a child, adoption or to care for a family member or self due to illness

A

FMLA (family medical leave act)

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9
Q

Pt. 1 Health insurance for those 65 years and older
Pt. 2 health insurance for low income/ disabled individuals that qualify

A

Pt. 1 - Medicare (elderly)
Pt. 2 Medicaid (for low-income)

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10
Q

Fund community programs, parks, and other public resources

A

State taxes

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11
Q

Funds public programs, military expenses, and federally funded programs

A

Federal taxes

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12
Q

Medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account

A

The core values of money

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13
Q

Leaving one job for training, advancement, and being temporarily out of the workplace (voluntary)

A

Frictional employment

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14
Q

seasonal workers due to recession or lag (involuntary)

A

Cyclical employment

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15
Q

Layoff due to technology (involuntary)

A

Structural employment

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16
Q

Shared understanding, patterned characteristic response, unwritten, formed over time, and difficult to change

A

Family rules

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17
Q

Goals that are more than more than 1 year

A

Long term goal

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18
Q

Less than 3 months

A

Short term goal

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19
Q

3 months to a year

A

Intermediate goal

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20
Q

Area that does not have access to fresh fruits and veggies

A

Food desert

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21
Q

Approximately ¼ of families are…

A

Poverty level or below

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22
Q

2035

A

year that social security will expires because life expectancy is increasing

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23
Q

What percentage of adults are obese

A

42.4%

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24
Q

Food program that one can not purchase hot foods nor paper products

A

SNAP (supplemental nutrition assistance program)

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25
Q

A benefit that provides temporary cash assistance to individuals and families

A

TCA

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26
Q

Food program for low income individuals that qualify and the relationship with the Dept. of Agriculture

A

SNAP because its funded by the department of agriculture

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27
Q

Geographical location, education, and family composition

A

the impacts on one’s potential earned income wage

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28
Q

Program for children of low income families to get a jump start on their educational skills

A

Head Start program

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29
Q

Economic unit, shared identity to the group, and committed to maintaining the group over time

A

Definition of a family

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30
Q

Lack of access to technology due to one’s financial resources/income

A

Digital divide

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31
Q

65 years of age

A

Qualifies you for medicare

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32
Q

Those that are considered more tech savvy, articulate and educated

A

Millennials (Gen Y)

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33
Q

Assets - ones liabilities:

A

Net worth

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34
Q

Evaluate needs

A

Recognize, identify, evaluate, select, and reflect

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35
Q

Influences on resource management

A

Historical: war, recession, and pandemics

Environmental: food desert, rural or urban areas, and gentrification

Cultural: culture, diversity, and family experience

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36
Q

Orientation of cultural values

A

Human nature
Man and nature
Time
Human activity
Human relations

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37
Q

Multidisciplinary perspectives

A

Psychological
Sociology
Social psychology
Cultural anthropology
Economics
Biology

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38
Q

3 factors of a resource

A

Culture, environment, and accessibility

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39
Q

Polygamy

A

1 person, 2 spouses or more

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40
Q

Polyandry

A

1 woman, multiple husbands

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41
Q

Polygyny

A

1 husband, multiple wives

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42
Q

Modern family

A

Male, female, and children

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43
Q

Democratic family

A

People marry in considerations of providing and nurture

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44
Q

Companionate family

A

Marriage out of love

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45
Q

Post modern family

A

Out of love, nurture, and providing

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46
Q

Commodities

A

Measure it, keep it, save it, waste it

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47
Q

Functions of theories

A

Describe, sensitize, integrate, explain, and value

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48
Q

Theories

A

Family systems - functions as system
Social exchange - human relationships are rooted in the exchange process
Symbolic interactionism - interactions between that family which creates that families reality
Family development - time and history
Family strengths - focuses on family strengths while ignoring the flaws
Feminist - pro women

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49
Q

Quantitive vs. qualitative

A
  1. Collect with survey, seeking correlation, reported using numbers and percents, findings are generalized
  2. The researcher is the instrument, seek a pattern, words and description are the form for reporting, findings are centralized
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50
Q

Types of poverty

A

Situational - any situation that causes a family to be impoverish
Absolute - born into/generational (long-term)

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51
Q

Maslows hierarchy of needs

A

(Bottom to top)
Physiological - food, water, shelter, and excretion
Safety - physical, financial, free from harm and deformation
Love and belongingness - interpersonal relationships
Esteem - self-esteem, status, and respect for self and other
Self-actualization

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52
Q

Consumer resource exchange model (CREM)

A

A model that explain how families manage their resources to meet needs[

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53
Q

Change of needs

A

Circumstances
Personality
Economic statutes
Technology
Life span
Culture
Gender difference

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54
Q

Kohlbergs sequence of moral reasoning

A

Pre-conventional - obedience and punishment, individualism, and exchange (child)

Conventional - “Good boy/ Good girl”; law and order (adolescence)

Post-conventional - social contract; principled conscience (adulthood)

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55
Q

Values across the life span

A

Cohorts of generations
Baby boomers: between 1947 and 1964
Changes in international travel experiences

56
Q

Value vs. moral

A

Measure of exchange
Subjective and personal in nature
Religious and spiritual framework (moral)
Universal value
Cultural and social value

57
Q

Learned predisposition

A

Responding in a consistent manner to any given object

58
Q

Characteristics of a resource

A

Utility, accessibility, transferability, interchangeability, and manageability

59
Q

Types of resources

A

Status, information, money, goods, services, and love

60
Q

Kinds of resources

A

Human - people as resource, cognitive or mental resources are the most important

Economic - gained acquisition or inheritance, benefits account for 30% of labor costs, Human Resources for employees are the largest expense

Environmental -
Resources in the physical environment
Coal and fossil fuels are non-renewable
Renewable vs non renewable resources are in limited quantities

Social -
Resources found inside family such as caring and meeting the needs of family members, communication, relationship skills, and traditions/history

61
Q

Measure of resources

A

Culture, equity, and envoiroment

62
Q

Resourcefulness

A

The ability to identify and use resources to meet needs effectively

63
Q

Orchestration power

A

A power to make major decisions that determine the lifestyle

64
Q

Primary types of tax benefits

A

Income tax
Social security (deferred)
Medicare (deferred)

65
Q

Medicare

A

65 years or older
Employees pay 1.45% of their income

66
Q

Government supported assistance programs

A

Public programs:
Tax dollars
Higher accountability
Qualification

Private programs:
Donations
More or less discriminatory
Some qualifications

67
Q

Education

A

Federal level - 10% funds education, dept. of ed, dept. of health and human, dept. of ag
State level - centralized curriculum, teach license, spec ed, budget
Community level - daily operations, budgeting by locals, financial management, policy making by school board

68
Q

Specific goals

A

Societal - “towson society wants more recyclable attitudes by 2025”
Family - family orientated
Personal - based on you

69
Q

Goals must be

A

Reasonable, understood, specific, and measurable

70
Q

Planning

A

Directional - moves along a path
Proactive - creating a reality before it happens
Reactive - responding to a situation already occurred
Strategic - strategy (most effective)
SWOT

Contingency plan - back up

71
Q

Budgeting

A

Salary - yearly
Hourly - by the hour
Net - after tax
Gross - before tax
Variable expenses - groceries
Fixed expenses - car payments
Surplus - too much
Deficit - too little

72
Q

Components of interpersonal communication

A

Message - info
Channel - mode
Encode - producing the message
Decoding - understanding
Sender - sends communication
Reciever - receives communication

73
Q

Negative impacts on communication

A

Filters - the message received is not in its true form
Distorts - the message has a hidden meaning
High context - a persons words has more meaning then their body language
Low context - a persons body language has more meaning than there words

74
Q

Family communication patterns

A

Consensual - high conversation; high conformity (maintain family hierarchy while also allowing expression)
Pluralistic - high conversation; low conformity (very supportive and active conversationists and don’t apply pressure to conform)
Laoisrez faire - low conversation; low conformity (don’t communicate often and when they do they aren’t active)
Protective - low conversation; high conformity (very big on obedience and doesn’t allow for opinions)

75
Q

Men and women

A

Men - report communication (conversations meant to convey information)
Women - rapport communication (intimacy)

76
Q

Johari Window

A

Open self
Blind self
Hidden self
Unknown self

77
Q

Verbalized power

A

Withdrawal
Guilt induction
Politic coercion
Negotiation
Deception
Black-mail
Physical/verbal abuse

78
Q

Managing conflict through communication

A

Aggressive- taking someone’s power
Manipulative - use ways to make someone feel sad or guilty to win the argument
Passive - submissive
Assertive - become your advocate, voice your feelings without taking power
Passive aggressive - indirectly expressing negative feelings

79
Q

Communication theory

A

4 horsemen of the apocalypse - criticism (attacking ones character), content (communicating disgust for the other), defensiveness (make people feel like they are the reason), and stone-walling (turn away from the conflict of the relationship)
Conflict
Conflict resolution- process of census
Conflict is inevitable in any family

80
Q

Group dynamics

A

Factors affecting outside groups
Similarities: outside and family groups
Differentiating family from organization
Emotional contagion: an important factor group members emotions impacts overall vibe

81
Q

Group think

A

Ignore ideas different from theirs and the way the group thinks

82
Q

Social responsibility

A

Org. Or individual that is obligated to act to benefit society at large by protecting and improving welfare of society

83
Q

Corporate social responsibility

A

Not only profit but environment (people, profit, and planet)
Eclober - organic
EPA - environmental protection agency
OFPA - organic food production act

84
Q

3 pillars of society

A

Environmental - ecosystem (planet)
Social - communities (people)
Economics - sustainable practice (profit)

85
Q

Wellness wheel

A

Spiritual - difficult to characterize and religion is distinct
Social - community, family cultural identification
Environmental - recycling and making a difference
Emotional - comfortable with ones own emotions, family is a safe environment, self esteem
Occupational - wellness within workplace, spillover, and promotion
Physical - obesity, nutrition, and excersise
Intellectual - importance of education

86
Q

Individual responsibility factors

A

Education, sex, and age
Happiness is highly subjective
Work contributes to social responsibility
Families basic function within society

87
Q

Lifestyle changes

A

Advances in tech
- household appliances
- enables independent functioning
- Online shopping
elderly and disabled benefit from tech

88
Q

Health care

A

Health care in the US
Latest developments in medical care
Banking of umbilical cord blood
Stem-cell research
Health care of the elderly
Increase in health care expense
IVF - for same sex or hetero relationship

89
Q

Education

A

Future of tech - based education
Dement of tech education
no access to tech, super academically

90
Q

Impact of technology

A

Technostress: info overload (elderly)
Creation of separsits

91
Q

Family structure

A

Major and committed relationships
Major reason for delayed marriage
Cohabitation - living together
LAT - living apart together (financially independent)
higher educated middle income - marriage thrives

92
Q

Children

A

Drop in fertility rate (women in the workforce)

93
Q

Economic divide

A

The American dream
5% are in the higher chase
Income inequality in America
Reasons for growing income divide
- declining family income
- increasing recital and ethnic gap

94
Q

Aging population

A

Economic stress caused by social security
The of aging survey
Groups of aging adults

95
Q

Women in the work force

A

Glass ceiling effect - women and minorities where you can see through the glass but you can’t get over it
19th century - support in the home/team player
Civil war/world war 2 - few worked outside the home
1940s - men joined the army/ women in production and management positions
1950s - women returned home
1950s to 2001 - more women in the labor force in large numbers
20th century - 47% women in the labor force/7 out of 10 mothers are employed

96
Q

Home and business management

A

Era 1: 1900s-1930s the study and brace the idea that units, whether family or company, operate within a greater system, impacting and being impacted by that system. Both fields focused on the value of application in there emerging sciences through stimulated learning opportunities, and both factors work continuing to establish there relevance to the society in general.
Era 2: 1940s-1950s The study of home economics came into direct alignment with the field of business management. During this time new household equipment was tested, improved, and incorporated into the vision of the modern home. Efficiency of completing household tasks, saving wasted steps and movements in the process, and simplifying and standardized work units became key research and application projects.
Era 3: 1950s-1960s Because of the womens movement having their roles changes and males questioning as well… work performance within the home, and more energy was devoted to understanding the family unit and its interaction with the greater social structure. This model lead to changes in the field of business management.
Era 4: 1970s-1980s During these two decades the home economics programs were it serious risk for being eliminated in schools. The realm of business management during this time was developing into two distinctive camps: protecting and empowering employees. Quality control, and especially quality circles, became popular management techniques.

97
Q

Monetary benefits

A

Legal System: a procedure or process for interpreting and enforcing the law.
Life insurance: a contract between an insurance policy holder and an insurer or assurer, where the insurer promises to pay a designated beneficiary a sum of money upon the death of an insured person.
FMLA: Family And Medical Leave Act; certain employers, including the State of Maryland, to grant job- protected leave to employees
Social security benefit: payments made to qualified retired adults and people with disabilities, and to their spouses, children, and survivors.
IRS: Internal Revenue Service; responsible for collecting taxes and administering the Internal Revenue Code, the main body of the federal statutory tax law.
SNAP: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; assistance to more low-income households during an economic downturn or recession and to fewer households during an economic expansion, serving as an automatic stabilizer to the economy.

98
Q

Types of marriages

A

Interracial: two people; different race
Interethnic: two people; different ethnicity
Interfaith: two people; different religion
Intrafaith: two people; different take on same religion

99
Q

Four functions: Juliet Mitchell’s theory

A

Production
Reproduction
Socialization
Sexuality

100
Q

When did home economics and domestic science start in schools

A

1899 and 1909

101
Q

Morill Act - land grant bill

A

States provide cash for the development
Ag programs
For the working class

102
Q

Assessing ones quality of life

A

Dependent on a persons evaluation of themselves
Depends upon circumstances and is constantly changing

103
Q

Research studies

A

Feather: consider the consequences
Sherif and Sherif: conception of ways of life; perception
Fishbein and Ajzen: attitudes are dynamic;attitudes change with education and experience

104
Q

Dupont

A

actions motivated by needs and values.

105
Q

Motivator for purchasing

A

Quality - integrity - tradition - achievement - self expression

106
Q

What can you not purchase through snap

A

Beer, wine, cigarettes, tobacco, non food items, and hot food

107
Q

SNAP frauds

A

Recipient fraud - trafficking
Retail fraud
Income eligibility determinations

108
Q

Components of human capital

A

Ability, behavior, effort, and time

109
Q

Living wage

A

basic wage that is used to describe a wage rate that would allow wage earners to provide for their families above poverty level

110
Q

Consumerism

A

The relationship between individuals and the economic system
Acquiring material goods and financial wealth - need to build future holdings - sustainability

111
Q

Industrialization

A

During the 1800s - increased participation of US families in the economic system
Goods and services developed due to:
Telegraph (improved communication)
Telephone lines
Mechanical and electrical interventions (power driven machinery, switch to hand tools, the use of machinery, and the adoption of the factory system)
Mass production

112
Q

Economy in 1929

A

Stock market crashed
Great Depression
End of WW2
The gov. Spent more money on rebuilding the economy
Passage of the employment act: the use of congress manipulating the tax system to gain more revenue

113
Q

Current day consumerism

A

Attempts to raise the failing economy
- the US recession of 2008 (the American recovery and reinvestment act was increased the unemployment insurance and lowered interest rates four banks)
- the global recession due to the Covid-19 pandemic (grants and loans to businesses so they could survive event though the gov. Had very little strategy to reduce the impact; stimulus checks

114
Q

Economics

A

Is the study of how resources are expended to fulfill the needs and wants of individuals, families and social groups.

115
Q

COLA

A

Cost of living adjustments (impact a persons salary)

116
Q

Economic principles pt. 2

A

Income Fluctuations (SES classes)
Expenditure showing income differences.
Gambling: more in low-income groups.
Tobacco: more in middle-income groups.
Spending habits of self-made millionaires. (More simplistic life, drive used cars, coupons, middle class housing, etc. average of 7% to philanthropy)

117
Q

Economics pt. 3

A

Income Fluctuations
Various reasons of income change. (Financial situation)
Categories that reveal family expenditures. (Housing, utilities, food, etc)
Social implications of food. (Cost of food from organic to conventional)
Income spent of food. (Supplemental programs)

118
Q

Monetary functions

A

Medium of exchange (bartering system) - A store of value (value of a dollar versus a peso) - unit of account (liquid of assets: equally transferable to money)

119
Q

Essential to production and consumption

A

Time (the time used to create the item), skill (the person that goes out and teaches others to use it), energy, and knowledge (ability to create the item)

120
Q

Decision making process with pricing

A

Adjustments to increasing costs:
Accommodate
Substitute
Find savings
Switch vendors
Use coupons or rebates

121
Q

Buying behavior

A

Taste ( brand names, feels, smells )
Fashion ( social membership, make, etc. )
Innovation ( new and replacements )

122
Q

Opportunity costs

A

Impacts loss of advancement, job skills and investment in the home and children
Decision making factors/Cost benefit analysis:
Quality of childcare available
Participation of the father parenting and housekeeping
Personal & social values
Type of position

123
Q

Goals implementation for families

A

Possible reasons for lack of success:
–Too many goals
–Crisis management for limited resources
–Gresham’s law of planning
–Loss of motivation

124
Q

Positive psych

A

Strategies:
1.Affect regulation
2.Interpersonal strategies
3.Problems solving/task management

125
Q

Affect regulation

A

Defined as emotional reaction experienced by family members during the implementation phase
Impacts:
–Blocked
–Threatened
–Management of negative reactions
–Depression
–Anger

126
Q

Affective tendency

A

Describes how a situation is rationalized

Optimisium - looking at things from a better perspective; being positive

Pessimesium - looking at things negatively

127
Q

Interpersonal strategies

A

Include assertive communication without dominance over others

Components of the communication:
●Open
●Direct
●Person is acting on their own interest

128
Q

Problem solving/task management

A

Includes:
oSelf monitoring
oContinual monitoring of the environment
oProblems are viewed as discrepancies

Idea of resilience

129
Q

Delegation

A

Is an opportunity for leaders to help develop the skills of others involved in the implementation progress

Roles:
Leader- focus on time and energy on other matters
Member- grow, mature while fulfilling the assigned responsibility

130
Q

Principles that enhance success through delegation

A

Determination those things that require your attention and those that can done by others
*Realize that delegated actions may not always meet your personal standards
*Don’t underestimate the abilities of others
*Focus on communication
*Make assignments easy enough to complete, but challenging and enjoyable
*Include assignments that have decision making and allow that authority

131
Q

Motivation

A

Impacts outcomes which are determined by drives
●Mixed-motive situation
●Self-control
●Delayed gratification
●Intrinsically beneficial
●Extrinsically beneficial

132
Q

Family business succession

A

Planning for the transfer of a business is important:
1.Emotions are high due to the family loss
2.Decisions under stress can cause conflict amongst family members
3.Inadequate planning breaks family business

133
Q

Ways that families cope with unacceptable risk

A

➢Condition or behavior terminated
➢Treated or managed with control measures or contingency plans
➢Accept the risk and live with the outcomes
➢Move or transfer the risk impact to another entity i.e. insurance

134
Q

Types of insurance

A

Health insurance
*Automobile insurance
*Life insurance
*Homeowners/Renters insurance
*Supplemental insurance (Afflac)
*Cellular insurance

135
Q

Time is a…

A

Commodity

Final Exams (3 decks)

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