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Virology DNA Viruses > Family: Poxviridae > Flashcards

Family: Poxviridae Flashcards

1
Q

Transmission of Cowpox

A

From cow to cow in a herd it is transmitted through infected milker’s hands or teat cups
From infect farm cats
Rodents are the reservoir and can transmit the disease

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2
Q

Clinical Findings of Cowpox

A

Papules appear on the teats and udder
Sucking calves may develop lesions in the mouth
Vesicles may not be evident or may rupture readily, leaving raw, ulcerated areas that form scabs

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3
Q

Cowpox Transmission in Cats

A

Inoculation - through a bite or skin wound

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4
Q

Clinical signs of Cowpox in cats

A

Primary lesions:
a single primary skin lesion, usually on the head, neck, or a forelimb
Secondary lesions:
about 7-10 days after primary lesion; discrete, circular, ulcerated papules; ulcers become covered by scabs

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5
Q

Cowpox in Humans

  • transmission
  • clinical signs
A

Mainly caused by direct contact to cuddly cats; less likely to get it from a cow
Macropapular lesions on hands and face; later develop into vesicular, then ulcerative lesions; enlarged painful local lymph nodes

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6
Q

Monkeypox transmission in humans

A

Primary Infection:
results from direct contact with the blood, bodily fluids, or rashes of infected animals

Secondary:
human-to-human transmission resulting from close contact with infected respiratory tract excretions, with skin lesions of an infected person, or with contaminated objects

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7
Q

Clinical signs of Monkeypox in humans

A

Same as smallpox
Invasion Period:
fever, intense headache, lymphadenopathy, muscle pain
Skin Eruption Period:
evolution of the rash from maculo-papules (lesions with flat base), to vesicles (fluid-filled), pastules, followed by crusts

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8
Q

Pseudocowpox Transmission

A

Source of infection is the infected cattle
Contaminated miler’s hands, teat cups
Biting insects
Calves get infected during sucking infected teats
Semen of bulls

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9
Q

Pseudocowpox Lesions

A

Lesions on the teats are characterized by hyperplasic of squamous epithelium

Acute Lesions:
Erythema->Papule->Vesicle or Pustule->Rupture->Thick scab
Thick scab becomes elevated due to accumulation of granulation tissue
Scabs drop off, leaving a Horseshoe-shaped ring of small scabs surrounding a small wart-like granuloma

Chronic Lesions:
Commences as erythema
Skin is corrugated; no pain

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10
Q

Diagnosing Pseudocowpox

A

Horseshoe-shaped ring like lesion

use vesicular fluid or skin on teat

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11
Q

Treatment of Pseudocowpox

A

Removal of scabs
Burn scabs to prevent environmental contamination
Apply am emollient ointment before milking
Apply astringent preparation after milking

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12
Q

Pseudocowpox in Humans

A

Milker’s Nodule
Lesions on the hands of dairy farmers milking teats or vets treating infected cows
Lesions vary from multiple vesicles to a single, indurated nodule

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13
Q

Contagious Ecthyma

  • aka?
  • hosts
A

ORF

Primarily in lambs and goat kids

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14
Q

Transmission of Contagious Ecthyma

A

Scabs that fall off from the healing lesions contain the virus
Virus is stable in the environment
Contaminated instruments (docking or ear tagging)
Spread in a flock is rapid

Virus infects healthy animals primarily through damaged skin
Oral lesions in lambs or kids result from nursing dams with teat lesions, and vice-versa

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15
Q

Pathogenesis of Contagious Ecthyma

A

Damage of skin is essential to establish infection
Skin reaction consists of a cellular response with necrosis and sloughing of the affected epidermis and underlying stratum papillae of the dermis

Lesions evolve from Macule->Papule->Vesicle->Pustule->Ulcers->Scab formation

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16
Q

Clinical Signs of Contagious Ecthyma

A

First lesions develop in the mucocutaneous junction adn are accompanied by swelling of the lips
Lesions spread to the muzzle and nostrils, surrounding hairy skin and the buccal mucosa
Animal may find it difficult to take food because of oral lesions leading to anorexia and weight loss
Severe cases may show lesions in the genitals, coronets (feet), and ears
Scabs fall off and the underlying tissues heal without scarring

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17
Q

Vaccination for Contagious Ecthyma

A

Vaccine prepared from suspension of scabs in glycerol saline and painted onto a small area of scarified skin inside the leg, where a localized lesions develops
Vaccine should not be used on farms that do not have a problem with ORF
Vaccinations do not offer long-lasting immunity
In problem herds, lambs/kids vaccinated at 6-8 weeks for prevention
Vaccinate pregnant ewes only 7-8 weeks before lambing

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18
Q

ORF in Humans

A

Macro-papular lesions and large nodular lesions on fingers, hands, arm, face, and penis
Healing occurs without scarring

19
Q

Transmission of Sheeppox and Goatpox

A

Highly contagious viruses
Virus enters by respiratory tract and transmission is commonly by aerosol route
Spread can occur through mucous membranes or abraded skin, especially by direct contact with contaminated iatrogenic materials
Mechanical transmission by biting arthropods

20
Q

Diagnosing Sheeppox and Goatpox

A

Reportable diseases

SPV and GPV cannot be distinguished from each other with serological techniques, including viral neutralizaiton

21
Q

Sheeppox Pathogenesis

A

Deposition of immune complexes results in severe necrotizing vasculitis development in arteriols and post-capillary venules of the skin (Type III hypersensitivity)
Results in ischemic necrosis of dermis and overlaying epidermis

22
Q

Sheeppox Malignant Form Clinical Signs

A

Seen in lambs and susceptible nonnative breeds
High fatality in lambs
Initial Signs:
depression and prostration
high fever, salivation, lacrimation
edema of eyelids
serous nasal discharge that becomes mucopurulent
Later signs:
pox lesions extend to the pharynx, larynx, lungs, vagina, abomasum, and spleen
secondary pneumonia
cutaneous nodules over body that become vesicular, pustular, and scab
lesions heal leaving a star-shaped scar, free of hair or wool

23
Q

Sheeppox Benign Form Clinical Signs

A

More common in adults and resistant breeds
Only skin lesions occur
No, or very mild, systemic reaction

24
Q

Goatpox Clinical Signs

A

Young kids suffer systemic disease with lesions on skin, respiratory, and alimentary mucosae
Milder form of disease seen in adults

25
Q

Lumpy Skin Disease

  • host
  • transmission
A

Seen in cattle of all ages and types
Transmission by arthropod vector is the most common
Can also occur by direct contact

26
Q

Clinical Findings of Lumpy Skin Disease

A

Fever
Multiple nodular lesions on skin and mucous membrane
Lymphadenopathy

27
Q

Swinepox

-age associated pathogenesis

A

Older pigs - benign with low mortality and low morbidity

Congenitally infected and young suckling piglets - high fatality

28
Q

Transmission of Swinepox

A

Direct contact associated with skin injury
Virus can survived in scab
Mechanical transmission by pig louse, Haematopinus suis, and by flies and insects
Evidence of transplacentral infection of neonatal pigs

29
Q

Swinepox Clinical Signs

A

Transient fever

Typical pox lesions; erythematous macule -> papule -> vesicle -> pustule -> ulcers -> scab formation

30
Q

Fowlpox Transmission

A

Extremely resistant to desiccation (dryness)
Can survived in exfoliated scabs
Can be transmitted in a flock through minor wounds and abrasions in mouth, comb, wattles, or skins as a result of fighting or pecking
Mechanical transmission by mosquitoes, lice, and ticks

31
Q

3 forms of Fowlpox Disease

A
  1. Cutaneous form (dry form)
  2. Diphtheritic form (wet form)
  3. Ocular form
32
Q

Cutaneous form of Fowlpox disease

A

Dry form; most common form
Low mortality
Injecting by biting arthropods, mechanical transmission to injured skin
Small papules on comb, wattles, and around beak
Nodules become yellowish and progress to scab
Sharp fall in egg production

33
Q

Diphtheritic form of Fowlpox disease

A

Wet form
Droplet infection
Infection of mucous membranes of mouth, pharynx, larynx, and trachea
Lesions, as they coalesce, result in a necrotic pseudomembrane which may cause death by asphyxiation
Prognosis is poor

34
Q

Ocular form of Fowlpox disease

A

Conjunctivitis

Cheesy exudate accumulates under the eyelids

35
Q

Inclusion bodies of Fowlpox

A

Bollinger Bodies - eosinophilic granular intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
Borrel Bodies - occur inside Bollinger Bodies; minute spherical bodies obtained by tryptic digestion of Bollinger Bodies

36
Q

Fowlpox Vaccine

A

Modified live fowlpox vaccine of chicken embryo or avian cell culture origin
Applied by scarification of skin of thigh
Indicated in areas where the disease is endemic

37
Q

Transmission of Ulcerative Dermatosis of Sheep

A

Virus infection through damaged skin or by coitus

38
Q

2 clinical forms of Ulcerative Dermatosis of Sheep

and characteristic lesions

A

Regardless of location, lesions are usually ulcers with a raw crater that bleeds easily

  1. Lip and Leg ulceration
  2. Veneral form
39
Q

Lip and Leg Ulceration Form of Ulcerative Dermatosis of Sheep

A

Ulcers around the mouth and nose, or on the legs
Face lesion on upper lip, chin, nose
Foot lesions between the coronet and carpus or tarsus

40
Q

Veneral Form of Ulcerative Dermatosis of Sheep

A

Ulceration of the prepuce and penis or vulva
Rarely extends to the glans penis so that ram becomes unfit for breeding
Ulceration, edema, and scabbing of vulva have serious consequences

41
Q

Types of Characteristic Inclusion Bodies in Poxviruses

A

Type B or Guarnieri - most poxviruses; basophilic, composed of viral proteins and protein aggregates
Type A or ATI - cowpox and ectromelia; eosinophilic
Bollinger and Borrel Bodies - avipoxvirus

42
Q

Inoculation of Poxviruses in Embryonated Egg

A 
Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) - pock assags
Parapoxviruses do not multiple in chicken embryo
43
Q

Electron Microscopy for Diagnosis of Poxviruses

A

Characteristic morphology and size of poxviruses
Orthopoxvirus = brick shaped
Parapoxviruses = ovoid

Virology DNA Viruses (11 decks)

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