Family Planning and Parenthood Chapter 11 Flashcards
What is the term describing having children by choice and not by chance?
Family planning
What is the major reason for family planning?
Economics
What is the average cost to raise a child to age 18?
$200,000
What is the most effective form of birth control?
abstinence
When was birth control pills invented?
1960’s
What 2 natural hormones are in the pill?
estrogen and progesterone
What are is the mini pill?
contains only progestin and taken daily with no breaks
What are Oral contraceptives taken after sex to prevent unwanted pregnancy called?
Emergency contraceptive pills (ECP’s)
What are the risks of the pill?
blood clots, pulmonary embolism, stroke, heart attack
Who is at highest risk of cervical cancer?
long users of the pill, sexually active from a young age and those with multiple partners.
What is Depr-Provera?
injection of progestin to prevent pregnancy
What are the 4 types of non pill forms of hormonal contraceptives?
injection, implant, vaginal ring, patch, ius ( devise inserted int the uterus)
What are chemicals that are toxic to sperm and used as a contraceptive?
Spermicides
What is the typical effectiveness of a male condom alone? with spermicide?
85%, 97%
What is the typical effectiveness of female condom alone? with spermicide?
79%, 95%
The diaphragm is one size fits all?
False
Effectiveness for diaphragm w/ spermicide is?
84%
Does the cervical shield need to be sized to fit?
no
How often should a cervical cap be replaced?
every year
Do the contraceptive sponges help prevent STD’s?
No
How many women ages 15-44 have chosen sterilization ?
10 million
What is the male sterilization called?
Vasectomy
What is Female sterilization by severing of closing the fallopian tubes is called?
Tubal Ligation
The typical effectiveness of the calendar method is?
87%-88%
What is the basal body temp method?
Calculating fertility based on body temp in morning
Which method of birth control relies on changes in the cervix?
Cervical Mucus Method
What do you call the combinations of several natural family planning method to achieve greater accuracy?
symptothermal method
What year did abortion become legal?
January 22, 1973
What year was the ban on partial birth and late term abortions?
November 2003
What are the 5 ways states can regulate abortion?
1) no abortion is fetus is viable
2) parental consent for minors to get abortions
3. informed consent or counseling before abortions
4) record keeping for each state
5) waiting periods of 24-48 hours before an abortion
The highest abortion rate occurs in :
White women 18-19, next 20-24, non religious living with a partner
The key factor in the psychological effects of abortions is said to be:
whether she wants and abortion or is reluctant to obtain one.
Failure to achieve a pregnancy after 1 year or trying is called?
Infertility
What percent of couples experience infertility in the US?
10%-15%
Female infertility accounts for what percent?
40%-50%
Male infertility accounts for what percent?
30%-40%
What are some causes of infertility in women?
Ovulation disorders, damage or problem reproductive organs
What are some causes of infertility in men?
low or unhealthy sperm, ED, and disease of male reproductive organs
What is the injection of sperm into vagina for conception?
artificial insemination
Removing egg cells , fertilization in lab and replacing in womb is called__________?
in vitro fertilization
what is the process of inserting sperm and egg directing into fallopian tube?
gamete intrafallopian transfer
Fertilization of ova with donor and transferring fertilized eggs in mother is called?
embryo transfer
What is a fertilized egg cell?
zygote
What is a woman who agrees to be impregnated for another couple?
surrogate mother
What do you call an adoption that the birth mother is involved in the life of the child with the adoptive parents.
Open Adoption
Adoptions have steadily increased or decreased?
Increased
Peak of adoptions was how much in what year?
175,000 in 1970
Why have Interracial adoptions of minority children in the US declined?
because of the influence of minority group advocates and social workers
How many children are in foster care in US?
520,000
How does the attachment theory play into the foster care system?
breaking those ties can be traumatic for the healthy development of children
What is the birth rate of women 18-34?
2.1
What was The mean age for women at first birth in 2002?
25.1
What is the percentage of childless women age 40-44 ?
19%
What are the 2 most common contraceptive methods for sterilization?
Surgical and hormonal treatments
Why are more women delaying parenthood?
1) complete education,
2) get established in job
3) more time to adjust to marriage
4) personal freedom
Women who want to remain childless are described as:
1) well educated,
2) urban less tradition in gender roles,
3) upwardly mobile,
4) professional,
5) marry at later age.
What are the number of arguments against having children?
1) over population,
2) restrictions on personal freedom.
3) less work at home,
4) opportunity for self-fulfillment,
5) less strain on marriage,
6) less worry and tension,
7) less expensive
8) fewer obstacles to pursuit a career
2 purposes of family planning?
protect health
timing of conception and birth
What are the percentage of getting pregnant in a given month?
25%-30%
over the course of a year what percent does a woman have of getting pregnant w/o birth control.
85%
how effective is the pill
99%
What is the failure rate over the course of a year with the pill?
3.8%
How often is the Depo-Provera shot given?
every 3 months
Emergency pill reduces chance of pregnancy by _____% if taken within 72 hours of sex.
75%
What birth control method is as effective as female sterilization?
IUS or Mirena
How long is the Mirena system effective?
5 years
What percent of women get pregnant even when using birth control?
10%
What are the four factors of delay in parenting?
Later marriage
Financial situation
More education
Personal development
What are the factors for childless couples?
Social changes Birthcontrol Careers - no time Feminism Personal freedom
