Family Medicine Flashcards
Chronic cough
- Post Viral cough - last up to 6 weeks after acute infection
- post-nasal drip from sinusitis or seasonal allergies
- whooping cough
- GERD
- COPD
- Ace inhibitor induced cough
* Rule out pneumonia - Acute viral bronchitis
- URI
- Cough NYD
- Acute laryngitis/tracheitis
- Asthma
- Sinusitis
- Pneumonia
- Influenza
- COPD
- Other viral disease
Fatigue
- Fatigue NYD
- Viral Illness
- Depression
- Anemia
- Anxiety/Stress
- Sinusitis
- CHG
- Medication side effect
- Influenza
- Diabetes mellitus
- Mono
*infectious causes, anemia, encorinopathies, sleep disturbances, adrenal insufficiency
Low back pain
- Mechanical low back pain
- Sciatica
- Muscle Strain
- DDD (Degenerative disc disease)
- Osteoporosis
- RA
- UTI
- Nephrolithiasis
- Prostate CA
*Strain, inflammatory causes, visceral causes such as PID or pancreatic disease
Fever
- Over 3 weeks
1. URI (upper respiratory infection)
2. Viral disease
3. Acute broncitisi
5. Acute OM
6. Influenza
7. Pneumonia
8. Sinusitis
9. GI infection
10. UTI
11. Strep
12. COPD
13. Mono
14. Meningitis
15. Appendicitis
*Abdominal abcess, neoplasma, connective tissue disease, TB, AIDS, infective endocarditis, multiple PEs, malaria, drug fever
Dyspnea
Divided into acute and chronic forms
- Asthma
- Acute bronchtiis
- COPD
- CHG
- Anciety
- URI
- Pneumonia
*Pneumonia, congestive heart failure, acute asthma, PE, pneumothorax, oreign body aspiration, hyperentiatlion, DKA
Generalized abdominal pain - Red flags
Men: perform genitals and testes exam
women: pregnancy test
- new onset of pain, change in pain
- weight loss
- bleeding per rectum or melena stool
- anemia
- supraclavicular nodes
- history of serious bowel pathology
- pain waking at night
Generalized Abdominal pain most frequent causes
- Abdominal pain NYD
- IBS
- GI infection
- Constipation
- Diverticular disease
- UTI
- Viral infection
- GI malignancy
- Biliary colic
- Appendicitis
- duodenal ulcer
Headache Red flags
- worst headache or thunder clap headache (subarachnoid hemorrhage)
- visual loss (temporal arteritis)
- New onset headache in elderly
- positional exacerbation
- morning
- pregnancy
- trauma or intoxication
- history of carcionma
- neurological defects
Headache common causes
Tension Migraine Cervical disc disease eye disorders sinusitis rebound headache from overuse of analgesia iatroenic headache
headache most common
- NYD
- Sinusitis
- tension
- migraine
- cervical disease
- URI
- Viral disease
- Concussion
- Influenza
- GI malignancy
- CNS malginancy
Vertigo/Dizziness
*vertigo vs lightheadedness
1. NYD
2. Anxiety
3. Postural hypotension
4. HTN
5. Fatigue
6. Medication side effect
7. Cervical disease
8. iron deficiency anemia
9 CVA
10. TIA
*Viral labyrinthitis, benign positional vetigo, eustachian tube disfunction, menieres disease, vertebrobasilar insufficiency
Chest Pain
- Ischemic heart disease
- Chest pain NYD
- Anxiety
- CHF
- Atrial fibrillation
- HTN
- GERD
- Pneumonia
- Acute bronchitis
- COPD
Argue against angina
- duration of pain less than 30 seconds or more than 30 minutes
- pain localized with one finger
- pain immediately severe with no crescenco pattern
- occurs exclusively at rest
Localized Edema
- localized vs generalized, pitting
1. NYD
2. CHF
3. Venous insufficiency
4. Thrombophlebitis
5. HTN
6. Medication side effet
7. Ischemic heart disease
8. PVD
9. Infection
10. Atrial fibrillation
11. Arthritis
*venous insufficiency, immobility or trauma, cellultiis, ruptured baker’s cyst, thromboplebtiis, DVT
Generalized edema
- CHF, renal insufficency, cirrhosis, malnutirtion or protein loss, drugs, myxedema, premenstrual syndrome
